DOMINASI POLITICS STREAMS DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN PERATURAN PRESIDEN 79/2023 TENTANG PENAMBAHAN INSENTIF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Salsabila Khoirun'nisa, Hasrul Hanif, S.I.P., M.A., Ph.D

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU PEMERINTAHAN

Perumusan kebijakan insentif tambahan untuk percepatan mobil listrik di Indonesia melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 79 Tahun 2023 merupakan produk kebijakan dari dominasi faktor politics streams (arus politik). Pengembangan teori Multiple Streams Framework (MSF), John Kingdon, oleh Herweg 2015 menekankan adanya keterkaitan antara dua tahap, yaitu agenda setting dan decision making. Dalam kerangka ini tetap mempertimbangkan bertemunya tiga arus, yaitu  problem streams, policy stream, dan political stream. Pertemuan tiga arus tersebut membuka policy window (jendela kebijakan) oleh policy entrepreneur (aktor individu atau kelompok) hingga akhirnya menjadi agenda kebijakan dan akhir keputusan kebijakan. Studi ini menunjukan bahwa, kebijakan insentif tambahan tidak hanya dibentuk dari sekedar hasil perhitungan rasional, melainkan lahir dari proses negosiasi strategis antar kepentingan nasional, tekanan geopolitik, dan pengambilan keputusan antar aktor pembuat kebijakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keputusan kebijakan tersebut dominan dipengaruhi  dari politics streams (arus politik). Kebijakan tambahan insentif mobil listrik didorong policy entrepreneur, yaitu aktor pembuat kebijakan di dalam pemerintah melalui kekuasaan dan kepentingan sebagai representasi institusi negara. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pemerintah dan organisasi otomotif di Indonesia. 

The formulation of the additional incentive policy for accelerating electric vehicle adoption in Indonesia through Presidential Regulation No. 79 of 2023 is a policy product dominated by the politics stream. The development of John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) by Herweg (2015) emphasizes the interconnection between two stages agenda setting and decision making. Within this framework, the convergence of three streams which problem stream, policy stream, and politics stream is still considered essential. The meeting of these three streams opens a policy window, which is utilized by policy entrepreneurs (individual or collective actors) until the issue becomes part of the policy agenda and ultimately results in a final policy decision.

This study shows that the additional incentive policy was not solely formed as a result of rational calculation, but rather emerged from a process of strategic negotiation among national interests, geopolitical pressures, and decision-making dynamics between policy-making actors. Therefore, this research finds that the policy decision was predominantly influenced by the politics stream. The additional electric vehicle incentive policy was driven by policy entrepreneurs as policy making actors within the government through the use of power and interests as representatives of state institutions. Data collection was conducted through interviews with government officials and automotive organizations in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : kebijakan insentif, mobil listrik, Perpres 79/2023, multiple streams framework, policy window, policy entrepreneur, politics streams.