Pengaruh intensitas pengolahan tanah dan frekuensi pemupukan urea terhadap pertumbuhan gulma dan hasil padi gogo

THAMRIN, Tumarlan, Dr.Ir. Prapto Yudono, M.Sc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Suatu penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh intensitas pengolahan tanah dan frekuensi pemupukan urea, interaksi dan kombinasi terbaik antara keduanya, terhadap pertumbuhan gulma dan hasil padi gogo, telah dilaksanakan di KP4 Kalitirto, Universitas Gadjah Mada dari bulan Maret sampai Juli 2004. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu: 5 aras intensitas pengolahan tanah (H): olah tanah sempurna (tanpa disiang) (H0), olah tanah sempurna dan disiang dua kali (H1), TOT + herbisida glifosat dengan dosis 3 l/ha (H2), TOT + herbisida sulfosat dengan dosis 3 l/ha (H3), dan TOT + campuran herbisida glifosat dan sulfosat masing-masing dengan dosis 1,5 l/ha (H4), dan 3 aras frekuensi pemupukan urea (U): 1 kali (U1), 2 kali (U2), dan 3 kali (U3). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan gulma dan padi gogo, serta komponen hasil dan hasil padi gogo. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui analisis ragam, dan terhadap pengaruh yang telah nyata pada aras 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan (DMRT) pada aras 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas pengolahan tanah dapat menekan pertumbuhan gulma, mempengaruhi berat kering tanaman umur 28 dan 56 HST, LPT umur 14 -28 HST dan nisbah tajuk akar umur 56 HST. Frekuensi pemupukan urea mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan umur 12 MST, LPT umur 28–42 HST, LAB umur 28–42 HST, nisbah tajuk akar umur 56 HST, jumlah anakan produktif dan panjang malai. Interaksi yang nyata terjadi pada berat kering total gulma pada 60 hari setelah pengolahan tanah, indeks luas daun umur 42 HST, berat gabah per petak ubinan, berat gabah per hektar dan indeks panen. Kombinasi terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan olah tanah sempurna yang disiang dua kali dengan urea diberikan 2 kali (H1U2) dapat menghasilkan hasil yang lebih tinggi, serta sistem TOT yang menggunakan herbisida glifosat dan urea diberikan 2 kali (H2U2) juga dapat menghasilkan hasil yang tinggi.

A research with aiming to determine the influence of intensity of soil preparation and frequency of urea fertilization, also the most effective combination and interaction of those two factors to the weed growth and yield of dried field rice, had been done in research plantation KP-4 Kalitirto, Gadjah Mada University starting from March to July 2004. The research were carried out in completely randomised block design consisting of two factors, that are: 5 level of intensity of soil preparation (H): complete soil preparation (without weeding) (H0), complete soil preparation with 2 times weeding (H1), without soil preparation and sprayed with glyphosate herbicide at the dose 3 l/ha (H2), without soil preparation and sprayed with sulphosate herbicide at the dose 3 l/ha (H3), without soil preparation and sprayed with mixed of glyfosate and sulfosate herbicide each at the dose 1,5 l/ha respectively (H4); and three levels of frequency of urea fertilization (U): one time (U1), two times (U2) and three times (U3). The observation were directed to examine the growth of the weeds and dried field ric e, and also the agronomic and yield components of the dried field rice. The observed data then analyzed using ANOVA, and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test at the significant level 5 %. The results showed that soil preparation were able to suppress the weed growth, influence significantly the dried weight of the crop at the age of 28 to 56 days after transplanting (DAT), the growth rate of crops at the age 14 -28 DAT, and the ratio of root canopy at the age 56 DAT. The frequency of urea fertilization were influence the height and number of shoots at 12 weeks after transplanting, the growth rate of crops at 28–42 DAT, net assimilation rate at 28– 42 DAT, the ratio of root canopy at the age 56 DAT, the number of productive shoots and the length of the panicles. The prominent interaction were observed on the total dry weight of the weeds after 60 days soil preparation, the leaves area index at 42 DAT, the weight of grain per squa re, the grain weight per ha, and yield index. The treatment using the combination of complete soil preparation and weeding 2 times with 2 times application of urea fertilizer (H1U2) were able to gain yield higher. Further more without soil preparation and sprayed with glyphosate herbicide at the dose 3 l/ha, combine with 2 times application of urea fertilizer (H2U2) were also able to produce high yield.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman Padi Gogo,Pengolahan Tanah dan Pemupukan Urea,Pertumbuhan, soils preparation , herbiside, urea, dried field rice