Faktor Risiko Loss to Follow-Up Pasien HIV Anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta

Qinthara Lunar Ramadhani, Prof. dr. Eggi Arguni, M.Sc., PhD., Sp.A (K)

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menginfeksi sistem imun. Saat ini pengobatan terhadap pencegahan dan penularan HIV dengan obat Antiretroviral (ARV) yang harus dijalani seumur hidup. Ketaatan dalam menjalani terapi ARV merupakan kunci penting dalam pengobatan HIV, terjadinya loss to follow up berkaitan dengan ketidaktaatan terapi ARV yang menurunkan prognosis keberhasilan terapi dan kualitas hidup anak dengan HIV serta berpotensi AIDS. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap loss to follow up bisa berupa faktor klinis, demografi dan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian di RSUP Dr. Sardjito diketahui 16,9% yang loss to follow up dengan faktor risiko belum diketahui. 

Tujuan; Untuk mengetahui faktor risiko loss to follow up pasien HIV anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. 

Metode penelitian: Desain penelitia adalah metode kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Populasi target adalah pasien HIV anak usia 0-18 tahun yang menjalani rawat jalan periode Januari 2019 - Desember 2022. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. 

Hasil Penelitian: Diperoleh 100 subjek enelitian dengan 15 pasien mengalami loss to follow up. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara signifikan jenis kelamin, infeksi oportunistik saat terdiagnosis, kadar CD4 saat terdiagnosis, pendidikan orang tua/wali dan pendapatan orang tua/wali memiliki risiko loss to follow up pada pasien HIV Anak (p<0>

Kesimpulan: Faktor klinis seperti infeksi oportunistik serta kadar CD4 dan sosial ekonomi seperti pendidikan serta pendapatan orang tua/wali berperan pentin terhadap LTFU pada pasien HIV anak. 

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that infects the immune system. Currently, treatment for the prevention and transmission of HIV is with Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that must be taken for life. Compliance in undergoing ARV therapy is an important key in HIV treatment, the occurrence of loss to follow up is related to non-compliance with ARV therapy which reduces the prognosis for the success of therapy and the quality of life of children with HIV and has the potential for AIDS. Risk factors that influence loss to follow up can be clinical, demographic and socio-economic factors. Research at Dr. Sardjito Hospital found that 16.9% were lost to follow up with unknown risk factors.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for loss to follow-up in pediatric HIV patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital.

Research method: The study design was a retrospective cohort method using secondary data from patient medical records at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Sardjito. The target population is pediatric HIV patients aged 0-18 years who are undergoing outpatient treatment in the period January 2019 - December 2022. The dependent variable is the incidence of loss to follow up which is defined as patients who have not received ARV drugs for more than 30 days since the last time they received ARV drugs. Data were analyzed using the Chi Square statistical test.

Research Results: 100 research subjects were obtained with 15 patients experiencing loss to follow up. The results showed that significantly gender, opportunistic infections at diagnosis, CD4 levels at diagnosis, parent/guardian education and parent/guardian income had a risk of loss to follow up in pediatric HIV patients (p <0>

Conclusion: Clinical factors such as opportunistic infections and CD4 levels ansocioeconomic factors such as education and income of parents/guardians play an important role in the incidence of LTFU in pediatric HIV patients

Kata Kunci : HIV, anak, loss to follow up, faktor risiko, obat antiretroviral