Nanoemulsi Analog Kurkumin Berbahan Dasar 3-Bromo-4-Metoksibenzaldehida, Aktivitas Sitotoksik terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7 dan Studi Penambatan Molekul
Jihan Alfiyah Kultsum, Dr. Endang Astuti, M.Si.; Prof. Dr. rer.nat. Harno Dwi Pranowo, M.Si.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed disease and one of the leading causes of death among women globally. This study aims to identify potential breast cancer drug candidates through the synthesis, ADMET prediction, nanoformulation, cytotoxic activity assay against MCF-7 cells, and molecular docking studies of curcumin monoketone analogues. Three curcumin monoketone analogues were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and ketones: 4-piperidone (AK1), N-methyl-4-piperidone (AK2), and N-benzyl-4-piperidone (AK3), using sonochemistry. The yields were 66.97%, 89.72%, and 96.56%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that compounds AK1–3 exhibit improved absorption, tissue distribution, metabolic stability, and toxicity profiles compared to curcumin.
Nanoformulation of the AK1-3 and curcumin compounds was performed via solvent evaporation nanoprecipitation to enhance their pharmacokinetic profiles. The resulting nanoparticles had the following particle sizes: 84.20 nm (AK1-NP), 93.20 nm (AK2-NP), 66.90 nm (AK3-NP), and 41.80 nm (Kur-NP). Cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 cells revealed IC?? values of 63.77 (AK1), 66.68 (AK2), 66.95 (AK3), and 36.50 (curcumin) µg/mL. Following nanoformulation, cytotoxic activity significantly increased, with IC?? values decreasing to 39.12 (AK1-NP), 52.24 (AK2-NP), 17.96 (AK3-NP), and 13.88 (Kur-NP) µg/mL. Selectivity index analysis indicated moderate selectivity for AK2, AK3, AK2-NP, and AK3-NP, whereas AK1 and AK1-NP showed high selectivity. Notably, the curcumin analogues exhibited better selectivity towards MCF-7 cells than curcumin and Kur-NP. Molecular docking studies of AK1–3 against the target proteins RE? and Bcl-2 revealed superior binding stability and interaction profiles compared to curcumin. The results of this study indicate that the nanoemulsion strategy significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the curcumin analog, suggesting its potential as a candidate for further development in breast cancer therapy.
Kata Kunci : ADMET, analog kurkumin, kanker payudara, nanoemulsi, penambatan molekul