Analisis Karakteristik Oscillating Surface Fluida SAE 10W-40 dan SAE 20W-40 dalam Pipa Vertikal
Ghulam Naufal Ihsani, Dr. Eng. Ir. Adhika Widyaparaga, S.T., M.Biomed; Dr. I Made Miasa, S.T., M.Sc.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
The phenomenon of oscillating surface in fluids plays an essential role in understanding flow stability and energy transfer efficiency, particularly in mechanical systems such as the fluidyne engine. When subjected to vertical vibration, the free surface of the fluid can become unstable and produce various oscillation regimes. SAE 10W-40 and SAE 20W-50 oils were selected as test fluids due to their different viscosity characteristics, which are expected to influence the surface oscillation patterns.
This study aims to observe, analyze, and visualize the characteristics of the oscillating surface in SAE 10W-40 and SAE 20W-50 oils under vertical vibration. The main focus is to identify the types of oscillation regimes that emerge and evaluate the influence of vibration frequency, amplitude, and fluid properties on the resulting surface oscillation.
The experiment was conducted using a vertical acrylic tube with an inner diameter of 40 mm, an outer diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 50 cm. Vibrations were generated by a mechanical exciter consisting of a three-phase induction motor connected to a speed reducer (1:10 ratio), which drove a plunger. Amplitude variations of 3.00 cm, 3.75 cm, and 4.50 cm were applied within a frequency range of 1.00–3.00 Hz. Data were recorded using a high-speed camera (800 fps, 1280 × 800 pixels) equipped with a telescope lens from a distance of 5 meters. To minimize optical distortion, a correction box filled with Singer VG 22 fluid, whose refractive index was close to that of the test fluid, was used. Additional illumination was provided by three 200 W LED lamps.
The results show that when the acceleration amplitude exceeds gravitational acceleration, the fluid surface becomes unstable and develops various oscillation regimes. For both SAE 10W-40 and SAE 20W-50 oils, six major surface phenomena were observed concave & convex, dome, egg head, sloshing, string ball, and chaotic. The higher viscosity oil (SAE 20W-50) exhibited more damped oscillation patterns, while the lower viscosity oil (SAE 10W-40) more readily produced diverse oscillation shapes. These findings highlight the significant influence of fluid viscosity on oscillating surface behavior.
Kata Kunci : Oscillating surface, acceleration amplitude, exciter