Kajian Sifat-Sifat Produksi Unggul Sapi Bali Betina di Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali

Rena Ari Archi Feny, Prof. Ir. Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, S.Pt., M.P., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat unggul terkait produksi sapi Bali betina di wilayah Nusa Penida dari sisi karakteristik eksterior kualitatif dan kuantitatif, kinerja reproduksi dari sapi Bali serta menelaah preferensi peternak terhadap pemilihan induk sapi Bali betina. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 50 orang peternak dengan 62 ekor sapi Bali betina berusia lebih dari satu tahun dan telah beranak minimal satu kali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung pada ternak. Data yang diambil meliputi karakteristik peternak, karakteristik eksterior sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif, kinerja reproduksi sapi, preferensi peternak dalam pemilihan induk.  Data-data karakteritik peternak, motivasi beternak, dan preferensi peternak dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data karakteristik eksterior sifat kuantitatif dan kinerja reproduksi dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan software SPSS Version 27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran tubuh sapi Bali betina di Nusa Penida masih sesuai dengan Standart Nasional Indonesia. Warna tubuh didominasi merah bata muda, kaki putih dengan batas tegas, garis punggung hitam tebal, tanduk melengkung ke belakang, telinga tegak, kipas ekor dan vulva berwarna hitam. Umur pertama kawin 24,73 ± 6,02 bulan dan umur beranak pertama 33,73 ± 6,02 bulan. Nilai PPE 3,70 ± 2,03 bulan, PPM 3,86 ± 1,99 bulan, S/C 11,87 ± 1,11, dan interval kelahiran 13,75 ± 2,23 bulan. Peternak cenderung memilih induk berdasarkan ukuran dan proporsi tubuh serta karakteristik eksteriornya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi Bali betina di Nusa Penida memiliki potensi genetik dan kinerja reproduksi yang baik, sehingga layak dikembangkan sebagai sumber bibit unggul.

This study was aimed to examine the superior production traits of female Bali cattle in Nusa Penida, focusing on qualitative and quantitative exterior characteristics, reproductive performance, and farmers’ preferences in selecting breeding females. The research involved 50 farmers and 62 female Bali cattle over one year of age and having calved at least once. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and direct measurements of the animals. Collected data included farmer characteristics, qualitative and quantitative exterior traits, reproductive performance, and farmer preferences in selecting breeding cows. Data on farmer characteristics, motivation for raising cattle, and selection preferences were analyzed descriptively. Quantitative exterior characteristics and reproductive performance data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 27.  The results showed that the body size of female Bali cattle in Nusa Penida was still in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard. The body color was predominantly light brick red, with white legs showing clear boundaries, a thick black dorsal stripe, backward-curving horns, upright ears, and black tail switch and vulva. The average age at first mating was 24,73 ± 6,02 months, and the age at first calving was 33,73 ± 6,02 months. The postpartum estrus interval (PPE) was 3.70 ± 2.03 months, the days open (PPM) was 3,86 ± 1,99 months, the service per conception (S/C) was 11,87 ± 1,11, and the calving interval averaged 13,75 ± 2,23 months. Farmers tended to select breeding cows based on body size, proportion, and exterior traits. The results indicate that female Bali cattle in Nusa Penida possess good genetic potential and reproductive performance, making them suitable to be developed as a source of superior breeding stock.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik eksterior, sapi Bali, unggul