MODAL SOSIAL, RESILIENSI, DAN STRATEGI ADAPTASI KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DALAM KAWASAN INDUSTRI: STUDI KASUS NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DI KECAMATAN MANYAR KABUPATEN GRESIK

Farra Ananda Cancerika, Tauchid Komara Yuda, S.Sos., MDP., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi integrasi modal sosial, resiliensi, dan strategi adaptasi nelayan tradisional dalam menghadapi dampak negatif kawasan industri di Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik. Industrialisasi pesisir menimbulkan tantangan berupa pencemaran air laut, penurunan hasil tangkapan ikan, hingga meningkatnya biaya operasional nelayan tradisional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, melalui wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi serta studi pustaka. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik tematik dan interaktif, dengan validitas data melalui triangulasi sumber.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial berupa jaringan, norma gotong royong, dan kepercayaan kolektif memperkuat resiliensi nelayan dalam bertahan dan beradaptasi. Strategi adaptasi dilakukan melalui modifikasi alat tangkap, perluasan wilayah melaut, diversifikasi pekerjaan, dan pemanfaatan hubungan sosial seperti KNTI (Komunitas Nelayan Tradisional Indonesia). Faktor pendukung strategi adaptasi antara lain adanya modal sosial, pengetahuan lokal, dan dukungan eksternal, sedangkan hambatan strategi adaptasi berupa keterbatasan modal ekonomi dan pengelolaan limbah industri yang belum maksimal. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya keterpaduan modal sosial dan resiliensi sebagai kunci ketahanan sosial-ekonomi nelayan tradisional di tengah ekspansi kawasan industri.

This study aims to explore the integration of social capital, resilience, and adaptation strategies of traditional fishermen in facing the negative impacts of industrial areas in Manyar District, Gresik Regency. Coastal industrialization poses challenges in the form of seawater pollution, decreased fish catches, and increased operational costs for traditional fishermen. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and literature review. Data were analyzed using thematic and interactive techniques, with data validity through source triangulation.

The results of the study show that social capital in the form of networks, mutual cooperation norms, and collective trust strengthen the resilience of fishermen in surviving and adapting. Adaptation strategies are carried out through the modification of fishing gear, expansion of fishing areas, diversification of jobs, and utilization of social relationships such as KNTI (Indonesian Traditional Fishermen Community). Factors supporting adaptation strategies include social capital, local knowledge, and external support, while obstacles to adaptation strategies include limited economic capital and suboptimal industrial waste management. These findings emphasize the importance of the integration of social capital and resilience as the key to the socio-economic resilience of traditional fishermen amid industrial expansion.

Kata Kunci : Nelayan tradisional, Strategi Adaptasi, Resiliensi, Modal Sosial, Kawasan Industri/ Traditional Fishermen, Adaptation Strategies, Resilience, Social Capital, Industrial Areas