Kewajiban Moral Fenomena Sandwich Generation di Indonesia ditinjau dari Teori Etika Deontologi Immanuel Kant
MONIKA ANGGRAINI, Sri Yulita Pramulia Panani S.Fil., M.Phil; Dr. Supartiningsih S.S., M.Hum.,
2025 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT
Penelitian ini berjudul Kewajiban Moral dalam
Fenomena Sandwich Generation di Indonesia ditinjau dari Teori Etika Deontologi
Immanuel Kant. Fenomena sandwich generation merujuk pada kelompok individu
dewasa yang memikul peran ganda, yakni merawat orang tua yang lanjut usia
sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan anak-anak sebagai bentuk kewajiban berbuat baik
terhadap manusia. Etika deontologi Immanuel Kant sebagai objek formal untuk
meninjau peranan ganda dalam sandwich generation. Tujuan penelitian ini
adalah untuk mendeskripsikan problem etis peranan ganda perawatan kerabat di
tengah realita sosial kontemporer dan menganalisis pandangan etika deontologi
Immanuel Kant mengenai kewajiban moral anak usia dewasa yang melakukan peran
ganda dalam merawat kerabat.
Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif
dengan pendekatan kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari literatur relevan, jurnal
nasional dan internasional, serta sumber daring yang mendukung topik. Analisis
dilakukan melalui metode hermeneutika dengan unsur metodis berupa deskripsi,
interpretasi, holistika, dan refleksi kritis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua hal utama. Pertama, kewajiban berbakti kepada orang tua sebelumnya tidak menjadi isu besar karena belum dikenal istilah “sandwich generation” di Indonesia, meskipun beban peranan ganda telah lama terjadi di anak berusia dewasa. Kedua, menurut etika deontologi, tindakan membantu orang tua hanya bernilai moral apabila dilakukan atas dasar kehendak rasional yang bebas, bukan karena tekanan budaya, agama, atau tradisi. Ketulusan intensi menjadi penentu nilai moral suatu tindakan dalam kerangka etika deontologi.
This research is titled “Moral Obligation in the
Phenomenon of the Sandwich Generation in Indonesia from the Perspective of
Immanuel Kant’s Deontological Ethics.” The sandwich generation refers to a
group of adult individuals who bear dual responsibilites: caring for their
elderly parents while simultaneously meeting the needs of their children, as an
expression of the moral duty to do good toward others. Immanuel Kant’s
deontological ethics serves as the formal framework to examine this dual role
within the sandwich generation. The aim of this research is to describe the
ethical problems that emerge within contemporary social realities and to
analyze Kant’s deontological perspective on the moral obligations of adult
children who perform dual caregiving roles for their relatives. Methodologically, this study employs a
qualitative-descriptive design, drawing on literature-based sources including
books, academic journals, and online publications. The research follows a
problem-based model and utilizes hermeneutical analysis to interpret relevant
texts. Key methodological elements include description, interpretation, holism,
and critical reflection. The results are twofold. First, although the term
“sandwich generation” only recently entered Indonesian discourse—largely
through its introduction in U.S.-based literature—statistical evidence shows an
increasing number of adults experiencing socio-economic pressure due to
intergenerational caregiving. Second, under Kant’s ethical framework, acts of
filial support are morally commendable only when performed from a sense of duty
grounded in rational will. If such acts are driven by social obligation or inherited
tradition, their moral worth is diminished, as true morality, in Kantian terms,
must arise from autonomous moral reasoning.
Kata Kunci : Sandwich Generation; Deontologi, Imperatif Kategoris, Maksim/Sandwich Generation; Deontology; Categorical Imperative; Maxim
