Studi distribusi Scymnus spp. dan potensi pemangsaannya terhadap kutu perisai kelapa Aspidiotus destructor di Kabupaten Sleman

SYAUTA, Elizabeth Irene, Prof.Dr.Ir. Eddy Mahrub, M.Sc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Hubungan antara koksinelid predator, Scymnus spp., dan mangsanya kutu perisai kelapa (Aspidiotus destructor Signoret) telah dipelajari pada ekosistem kelapa di Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi populasi Scymnus spp. pada tanaman kelapa, pola distribusi Scymnus spp. dan mangsanya serta hubungan antar keduanya, dan kemampuan imago Scymnus spp. memangsa kutu perisai. Survei dilakukan di Kecamatan Minggir, Moyudan, dan Godean. Metode transek dilakukan untuk mengambil 40 pohon kelapa sebagai sampel. Scymnus spp. dikoleksi dari pohon sampel sedangkan kutu perisai dikoleksi dari 30 anak daun pada setiap pohon sampel. Identifikasi jenis Scymnus dan uji pemangsaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Survei menemukan tujuh jenis Scymnus yakni Scymnus apiciflavus, Scymnus sp.A, Scymnus sp.B, Scymnus sp.C, Scymnus sp.D, Scymnus sp.E dan Scymnus sp.F, spesies yang dominan adalah S. apiciflavus (61,25 %). Pola distribusi spasial kutu perisai dan Scymnus spp. adalah mengelompok, populasi kutu perisai dan Scymnus spp. menunjukkan korelasi positif. Pemangsaan Scymnus spp. dengan tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh ukuran tubuh tiap jenisnya. S. apiciflavus yang bertubuh paling besar (2,1 – 2,3 mm) secara signifikan lebih banyak memangsa kutu perisai (10 ekor/24 jam) daripada yang bertubuh kecil (1,20 - 1,98 mm) yang memangsa 5 ekor kutu perisai/24 jam.

The relationship between coccinelid predator, Scymnus spp., and its prey coconut scale-insect (Aspidiotus destructor Signoret) had been studied on coconut ecosystem in Sleman District. The research was amied to determine composition of Scymnus spp. on coconut tree, distribution pattern of the coccinelid and its prey and their relationship, and predation of adults Scymnus spp. on the coconut scaleinsect. Survey was done in Minggir, Moyudan, and Godean Sub District. Transect method was used to take 40 coconut trees as a sample. Scymnus spp. were collected from the sample trees while the coconut scale-insect were collected from 30 leaves for each sample tree. Identification of Scymnus species and predation were conducted in the Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. Survey found seven Scymnus spesies i.e. Scymnus spiciflavus, Scymnus sp. A, Scymnus sp. B, Scymnus sp. C, Scymnus sp. D, Scymnus sp.E, and Scymnus sp. F, the dominant species was S. apiciflavus (61,25%). Distribution pattern of the coconut scale-insect and Scymnus spp. was clumped, the population of coconut scale-insect and Scymnus spp. showed a possitive correlation. The predation rate of the Scymnus spp. adults without sexing was significantly affected by their body size. The biggest body size of S. apiciflavus (2.1 – 2.3 mm) significantly preyed on the coconut scale-insect (10 individuals/24 hours) more than those little ones (1.20 – 1.98 mm) that only preyed as many as 5 individuals/24 hours.

Kata Kunci : Haman Tanaman, Kutu Perisai Kelapa, Pola Distribusi, Scymnus spp., kutu perisai kelapa, pola distribusi.