Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) terhadap Destruksi Biofilm Lactobacillus acidophilus

Annisa Saraswati, Prof. drg. Tetiana Haniastuti, M.Kes., Ph.D. ; Dr. drg. Alma Linggar Jonarta, M.Kes.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN GIGI

Biofilm kariogenik merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi. Salah satu bakteri kariogenik adalah Lactobacillus acidophilus. Destruksi biofilm dilakukan dengan mengeliminasi matriks polimer ekstraseluler (EPS), gangguan terhadap quorum sensing, serta eliminasi bakteri persisten yang ada di dalam biofilm. Daun stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun stevia terhadap destruksi biofilm L. acidophilus.

Pembentukan biofilm bakteri L. acidophilus dilakukan di dalam microplate 96-well dengan mencampurkan 40 µL media MRS-B dan 10 µL suspensi bakteri L. acidophilus (1,5x108 CFU/mL). Setelah biakan diinkubasi selama 24 jam suhu 37?. Kemudian dipaparkan dengan bahan uji yaitu ekstrak daun stevia konsentrasi 20,83?n 10,42%, NaCl 0,9% (kontrol negatif), serta klorheksidin glukonat 0,1% (kontrol positif). Biofilm diinkubasi kembali, kemudian  dilakukan pewarnaan menggunakan kristal violet 0,1% dilanjutkan pembacaan optical density menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 450 nm. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji Post-Hoc LSD.   

Hasil rerata uji destruksi biofilm pada perlakuan konsentrasi 20,83?alah sebesar 93,97, perlakuan konsentrasi 10,42?alah sebesar 17,36, dan klorheksidin glukonat 0,1% sebesar 95,75. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 10,42?ngan konsentrasi 20,83?n klorheksidin glukonat 0,1% (p<0>0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa estrak stevia konsentrasi 20,83% menunjukkan efektivitas destruksi biofilm L. acidophilus lebih tinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi 10,42?n memiliki kemampuan mendestruksi biofilm bakteri L. acidophilus yang setara dengan klorheksidin glukonat 0,1%.

Cariogenic biofilm is one of the factors contributing to dental caries. One of the cariogenic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm destruction can be achieved by eliminating the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, disrupting quorum sensing, and eliminating persistent bacteria within the biofilm. Stevia leaves (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of stevia leaf extract on the destruction of L. acidophilus biofilm.

The formation of L. acidophilus biofilm was carried out in a 96-well microplate by mixing 40 µL of MRS-B media with 10 µL of L. acidophilus suspension (1.5×10? CFU/mL). After incubation for 24 hours at 37?, the biofilm was exposed to the test substances: 20.83% and 10.42% stevia leaf extract consentration, 0.9% NaCl (negative control), and 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (positive control). The biofilm was re-incubated, then stained with 0.1% crystal violet, followed by optical density measurement using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450 nm. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Post-Hoc LSD test.

The mean results of biofilm destruction showed that the 20.83% treatment had a value of 93.97, the 10.42% treatment had a value of 17.36, and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.1% had a value of 95.75. The data analysis revealed significant differences between the 10.42% concentration and both the 20.83% concentration and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.1% (p<0>0.05).The conclusion of this study is stevia leaf extract at 20.83% concentration showed greater effectiveness in destroying L. acidophilus biofilm compared to 10.42% concentration and demonstrated biofilm-destructive activity equivalent to that of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate.

Kata Kunci : Biofilm, daun stevia, destruksi biofilm, Lactobacillus acidophilus / Biofilm, biofilm destruction, stevia leaves, Lactobacillus acidophilus