Re-imajinasi Pelaksanaan R2P (Responsibility to Protect) melalui Feminist Care Ethics

Nabilla Ayu Sekarini Santoso, Maharani Hapsari

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Tesis ini meneliti dan mengkaji ulang pilar aksi preventif dalam framework Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Menyoroti adanya literature gap mengenai aksi preventif dalam framework R2P, peneliti beranggapan perlunya mengeksplorasi opsi-opsi aksi preventif yang bertujuan agar kedepannya, operasi militer dapat diminimalisir. Penulis dibantu oleh pemikiran-pemikiran teori pascakolonial untuk mengkritisi pelaksanaan R2P yang, dalam teori pascakolonial, dianggap sebagai usaha mempertahankan hegemoni Barat. Untuk membedah bagaimana sebaiknya R2P, terutama dalam preventif dan binadamai ini dapat dilaksanakan dengan menyasar root cause prevention, sehingga dapat meminimalisir operasi militer, penulis melakukan pembangkangan epistemik dengan melakukan reimajinasi politik di mana aktor individu dalam kelompok dapat berperan penting dalam R2P. Berbekal dengan etika kepedulian feminis, penulis melihat bagaimana keterikatan individu dengan kelompok dan tanggungjawabnya terhadap sesama dapat menjadi jembatan bagi pelaksanaan R2P yang lebih menitikberatkan aksi-aksi preventif. 

This thesis is written with the intention to seek an alternative pathway to the preventive dimension of the responsibility to protect (R2P), noting that the implementation of it has been unsatisfactory and left with many critics, especially heavy on postcolonial thinkers, on its political motivation. With the preventive dimension often being formulated in a short-term manner, this thesis believes that there is a need to seek a pathway to avoid military operation within R2P altogether. This thesis will be implementing postcolonial views in its writing, especially to dissect and problematize R2P’s preventive dimension and to offer an alternative. Utilizing epistemic disobedience as an operationalization and means to reimagine, this thesis further seek the alternative through feminist care ethics, where it sees a correlation between individuals and community and how their actions are relevant with their political contexts, thus embedding responsibility (responsibilization) to care for one another could be a pathway to weave an alternative lens on how R2P should be conducted. 

Kata Kunci : responsibility to protect, pencegahan konflik, studi perdamaian, binadamai, feminist care ethics