Transformasi Gerakan Pro-Palestina: Dari Aksi Jalanan ke Media Sosial

Dearni Nurhasanah Sinaga, Hakimul Ikhwan, M.A., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi

Gerakan solidaritas Pro-Palestina di Indonesia mengalami transformasi signifikan dari aksi jalanan menuju ranah digital, khususnya di media sosial X. Meskipun studi tentang aktivisme digital Palestina telah banyak, analisis mendalam pada pola baru solidaritas melalui kata kunci Boikot Produk Zionis, Julid Fii Sabilillah, dan Semangka dalam konteks Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menganalisis pola baru solidaritas digital, relasi aktor, dan dinamika mobilisasi melalui ketiga kata kunci tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memadukan Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA) dan Social Network Analysis (SNA), serta mendasarkan analisisnya pada teori Connective Action dari Lance Bennett dan Alexandra Segerberg, Sosiologi Emosi oleh Ron Eyerman dan teori Representasi dari Stuart Hall. Penelitian ini menelaah dinamika wacana serta relasi antaraktor dalam jaringan digital, dengan merujuk pada data unggahan dan interaksi di platform X selama periode Oktober 2023 hingga Juni 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mobilisasi gerakan Pro-Palestina di X dibangun melalui koneksi digital personal, fleksibel, dan terdesentralisasi, selaras dengan connective action. Ketiga kata kunci merepresentasikan strategi perlawanan beragam yaitu, Boikot Produk Zionis fokus pada tekanan ekonomi; Julid Fii Sabilillah menampilkan agresi digital terarah; dan Semangka berfungsi sebagai simbol humanis adaptif untuk menghindari sensor. Transformasi ini didukung oleh peran teknologi, ideologisasi personalisasi, legitimasi simbolik, serta pola jaringan terfragmentasi namun adaptif yang memungkinkan partisipasi luas dan kepemimpinan terdistribusi. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan tentang pola baru solidaritas politik yang didorong personalisasi dan agregasi tindakan individu. Namun, fragmentasi jaringan juga menghadirkan tantangan konsolidasi gerakan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman dinamika gerakan sosial digital serta implikasinya.

The Pro-Palestine solidarity movement in Indonesia has undergone a significant transformation, shifting from street protests to the digital realm, particularly on the social media platform X. While studies on digital activism for Palestine are numerous, a deep analysis of new solidarity patterns using the keywords Boikot Produk Zionis (Boycott Zionist Products), Julid Fii Sabilillah, and Semangka (Watermelon) within the Indonesian context remains limited. This study analyzes these new patterns of digital solidarity, the relationships between actors, and the dynamics of mobilization through these three keywords. This research employs a qualitative approach by combining Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA) and Social Network Analysis (SNA). The analysis is based on the theories of Connective Action by Lance Bennett and Alexandra Segerberg, the Sociology of Emotions by Ron Eyerman, and the theory of Representation by Stuart Hall. The study examines the dynamics of discourse and the relationships among actors within the digital network, drawing on data from posts and interactions on the X platform from October 2023 to June 2024. The findings indicate that the Pro-Palestine movement's mobilization on X is built through personal, flexible, and decentralized digital connections, aligning with the concept of connective action. The three keywords represent diverse resistance strategies: Boikot Produk Zionis focuses on economic pressure; Julid Fii Sabilillah (roughly, "malicious gossiping for the sake of God") showcases targeted digital aggression; and Semangka functions as an adaptive humanist symbol to evade censorship. This transformation is supported by the role of technology, the personalization of ideology, symbolic legitimation, and a fragmented but adaptive network pattern that enables broad participation and distributed leadership. This study provides insight into new patterns of political solidarity driven by the personalization and aggregation of individual actions. However, network fragmentation also presents challenges for consolidating the movement. This research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics and implications of digital social movements.

Kata Kunci : Aktivisme Pro-Palestina, Boikot Produk Zionis, Connective Action, Julid Fii Sabilillah, Media Sosial X, Simbolisme Semangka