Keyakinan Hakim dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Hukum Ditinjau dari Teori Law as Integrity Ronald Dworkindari

Nicel Avita Muthalib, Dr. Lailiy Muthmainnah, S.Fil., M.A.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT

Penelitian ini berjudul “Keyakinan Hakim dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Hukum Ditinjau dari Teori Law as Integrity Ronald Dworkin” dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya peran sentral hakim sebagai aktor penentu dalam proses peradilan. Hakim tidak hanya menjalankan fungsi penegakan hukum secara formalistik melainkan, dituntut mempertimbangkan dimensi moral dalam setiap keputusan yang diambil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis prinsip-prinsip moral yang harus mendasari setiap putusan hakim menurut teori law as integrity dan menganalisis peran keyakinan hakim dalam pengambilan keputusan hukum menurut teori law as integrity Ronald Dworkin. 

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematis-reflektif dalam menganalisis pemikiran tokoh. Metode yang digunakan berjenis hermeneutika yang mencakup unsur metodis antara lain, interpretasi, koherensi internal, induksi dan deduksi, analisis kritis, serta refleksi. Data yang digunakan berasal dari sumber primer berupa karya-karya Dworkin dan berbagai literatur sekunder seperti jurnal hukum, skripsi terdahulu, dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Teori law as integrity menjadi pisau analisis dalam menilai peran keyakinan hakim sebagai fondasi dalam menghasilkan putusan yang tidak hanya legal secara prosedural tetapi, adil secara moral. 

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: pertama, keyakinan hakim dalam pengambilan keputusan hukum merupakan keseimbangan antara moralitas, legalitas, dan profesionalitas. Kedua, peran keyakinan hakim dalam pengambilan keputusan hukum menurut teori law as integrity tidak bersifat subjektif. Dalam mencapai hukum yang berintegritas, keyakinan hakim harus membentuk interpretasi secara konstruktif yang mencakup proses pengambilan keputusan pada tahap pra-interpretasi, interpretasi, dan pasca interpretasi. 

This research entitled "Judges' conviction in Legal Decision Making Reviewed from  Ronald Dworkin's Law as Integrity Theory" is motivated by the importance of the central role of judges as determining actors in the judicial process. Judges not only carry out law enforcement functions in a formalistic manner but are required to consider the moral dimension in every decision taken. The purpose of this research is to analyze the moral principles that must underlie every judge's decision according to the theory of law as integrity and to analyze the role of judges' beliefs in legal decision-making according to Ronald Dworkin' s theory of law as integrity.

This research uses a systematic-reflective approach in analyzing the thoughts of the characters. The methods used are hermeneutics which include methodical elements, including interpretation, internal coherence, induction and deduction, critical analysis, and reflection. The data used came from primary sources in the form of Dworkin's works and various secondary literature such as legal journals, previous theses, and laws and regulations. The theory of law as integrity is an analytical knife in assessing the role of judges' beliefs as a foundation in producing decisions that are not only procedurally legal but also morally fair.

The results of this study show: first, the judge’s belief in making legal decisions is a balance between morality, legality, and professionalism. Second, the role of judges' beliefs in making legal decisions according to the theory of law as integrity is not subjective. In achieving law with integrity, judges' beliefs must form a constructive interpretation that includes the decision-making process at the pre-interpretation, interpretation, and post-interpretation stages. 

Kata Kunci : Keyakinan hakim, Integritas hukum, Law as integrity, Putusan yudisial.