Ganti rugi akibat pencemaran oleh perusahaan industri di muara Jawa Tanggal 20 April 2000

SUPARDI, Prof.Dr. Nindyo Pramono, SH.,MS

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum (Magister Hukum Bisnis)

Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup menyatakan, setiap orang mempunyai hak yang sama atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Selanjutnya dalam Pasal 34 ayat (1) dinyatakan pula, penanggung jawab usaha wajib membayar ganti rugi dan/atau melakukan tindakan tertentu bila usahanya itu menimbulkan pencemaran dan/atau perusakan lingkungan hidup yang menimbulkan kerugian pada orang lain atau lingkungan hidup. Diwilayah Kawasan Industri Muara Jawa Kecamatan Muara Jawa Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara terdapat adanya Perusahaan Industri besar Yaitu PT. Total Fina E dan P Indonesia, dan Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina), Up. yang dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya telah menimbulkan pencemaran lingklungan. Pencemaran tersebut telah menyebabkan kerugiona bagi warga masyarakat yang berada de sejkitar kawasan itu. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penulisan tesis ini, telah dilakukan penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengkaji literatur, peraturan dan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara di Tenggarong yang ada kaitannya dengan materi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa perusahaan industri besar yang berada di wilayah kawasan industri Muara Jawa dalam melakukan kegiatan usaha industrinya telah menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Penyelesaian ganti rugi akibat pencemaran yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan di kawasan industri Muara Jawa Kecamatan Muara Jawa pada dasarnya ada dua pola, tuntutan ganti rugi langsung dan pelaksanaan ganti rugi melalui perantaraan Pemerintah DPRD. Model penyelesaian ganti rugi yang dilakukan tidak dapat dimasukkan kedalam salah satu kategori pelaksanaan ganti rugi nonlitigasi yang sudah dikenal selama ini, seperti negosiasi, fasilitasi, mediasi, arbritase, dan konsilidasi. Penyelesaian ganti rugi melalui pengadilan di kawasan industri Muara Jawa, mekanisme pemeriksaannya sama dengan perkara perdata pada umumnya. Pada pengadilan tingkat pertama, hakim menerapkan berdasarkan pasal 1365 KUHPerdata jo Pasal 1865 KUHPerdata. Penyelesaian ganti rugi melalui pengadilan putusannya membingungkan warga masyarakat korban pencemaran, karena menghasilkan putusan yang berbeda. Kendala dalam penyelesaiannya yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan terjadi karena pihak perusahaan pencemar kurang akomodatif memperhatikan kepentingan rakyat dalam melakukan proses penyeklesaian, disamping itu juga karena sulitnya mencapai kata sepakat mengenai jumlah ganti rugi, sedangkan kendala dalam penyelesaian melalui pengadilan terletak pada masalah biaya, waktu yang lama, dan proses pembuktian yang sangat sulit dan rumit serta dalam menyelesaikan ganti rugi akibat pencemaran lingkungan hidup agar tetap mengacu pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Pokok Lingkungan Hidup (UUPLH).

Article 5 paragraf (1) of Act number 23 of 1997 concerning the management of the Environment Provides that all men have equal rights to a good and healthy environment. In article 34 paragraf (1) it is also provided that those in charge of busines activities are liable for payment of compensantion and/or to take particular actions if their activities cause pollution and/or damage to the enveronment that harm other people or the environment. The five large companies in the industrial estate of Muara Jawa, namely PT. Total Fine Elp and P, Indonesia and Pertamina Up. Vall of which have been involved en environmental pollution. This pollution has inflited lose on the community who live approximately the industrial estate. In order to obtain data for this research, a library research have conducted by studying relavant literature, legislations, and judicial decisions relatid to the research subject. In addition, field observation has carried out to obtain primary data interviews. Results of the research indicate that in conducting their business, the large companies in the industrial estate of Muara Jawa have caused environmental pollution. Out-of Court settlement of environmrntal disputes in the industrial estate of Muara Jawa basically foal into categories, namely settlement by direct action and settlement by mediation of the regional government and the regional house of representatives. The existing models of dispute settlement cannot putted into any of the categories of nonlitigation procedures known so far i.e negotation, facilitation, mediation, arbritation and conciliation. The mechanism for the settlement of environmental disputes in court in the industial estate of Muara Jawa is the same as the mechanism for civil cases in general. At the first level and on appeal, the judge applies the search for evidence based on article 1365 of KUHPerdata (Code of civil Law) Jo Aticle 1865 KUHPerdata, The victims of pollution are confused because a settlement of dispute in court process two different decisions. The constraint on out of court settlement isthat the companies are not accommodating the interect of the people during the process of settlement, in addition, it is offten difficult to reach a consensus regarding the amount of compensation. The constraint on the settlement of environmental disputes in court lies in the high cost, thee long process, and the complex process of search for evidence, that the local authotities should have the courage to take firm search for evidence, that the local authorities should have the courage to take firm measures against companies that cause environmental pollution and that in settling environmental disputes, they should conform the provision in UUPLH.

Kata Kunci : Hukum Lingkungan,Pencemaran,Industri,Ganti Rugi, Compensation of disputes, effect environmental pollution