Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Desentralisasi Fiskal Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Daerah di Indonesia
VERA PIPIN WULANDARI, I Wayan Nuka Lantara, M.Si., Ph.D.,
2025 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen
This study analyzes the effect of fiscal decentralization policy on regional financial performance in Indonesia, focusing on two main indicators: efficiency and effectiveness ratios. Fiscal decentralization is measured through three dimensions: revenue decentralization, transfer decentralization, and tax decentralization. The data used consist of secondary data from provincial, regency, and city-level regional budgets (APBD) during the period 2014–2024, obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance. The study applies a quantitative approach using panel data regression across 12 model specifications, which include control variables (Covid-19 dummy and population) and lag variables to capture delayed effects. Robustness tests were also conducted to evaluate the consistency of the initial models in assessing the influence of fiscal decentralization on regional financial efficiency and effectiveness, considering the interaction with the Covid-19 pandemic.
The findings show that fiscal decentralization in Indonesia still faces challenges in improving regional financial performance, particularly in terms of efficiency. Revenue, transfer, and tax decentralization tend to have a significantly negative effect on efficiency, while their impact on effectiveness is generally insignificant, except for current transfers which show a negative effect. Dependence on central government funds, weak institutional capacity, and lack of oversight emerge as key obstacles. The Covid-19 pandemic was found to reduce effectiveness but had no significant impact on efficiency. The robustness test results confirm that the impact on efficiency is consistent, whereas effectiveness is more vulnerable to crises.
These findings highlight the need for adaptive fiscal policy reforms, institutional capacity building, improved governance, and performance-based transfer designs to enhance regional financial outcomes.
Kata Kunci : Desentralisasi Fiskal, Efisiensi, Efektivitas, Kinerja Keuangan Daerah, Transfer Fiskal, Pandemi Covid-19, Data Panel, Robustness Test.