Studi Eksperimental Sistem Pendingin Baterai Listrik Berbasis Immersion Cooling Dengan Menggunakan Fluida Dielektrik
Dhanang Sulistio Aji, Ir. Indro Pranoto, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng. ; Dr. Ir. Hifni Mukhtar Ariyadi, S.T., M.Sc., IPM.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin
Baterai lithium-ion (Li-ion) banyak digunakan pada kendaraan listrik (EV) karena
densitas energi tinggi dan umur pakai panjang. Namun, performa dan keamanannya sangat
dipengaruhi oleh suhu operasi, dengan kisaran optimal 25–40 °C. Ketidakefisienan sistem
manajemen termal (BTMS) dapat memicu penurunan kapasitas, kinerja, hingga risiko
thermal runaway. Metode immersion cooling dengan fluida dielektrik menjadi solusi
potensial karena memiliki efisiensi perpindahan panas tinggi dan mampu menjaga
keseragaman suhu baterai.
Penelitian ini mengkaji performa immersion cooling menggunakan fluida HFE
7100 dan fluida SF3 dengan menggunakan baterai tunggal LFP 18650 dan NMC 18650.
Penelitian dilakukan mencelupkan secara simetris ke dalam cairan dielektrik fluida HFE
7100 (berbasis hydrofluoroether) dan fluida SF33 (berbasis hidrofluoroolefin)
menggunakan fasilitas immersion cooling test. Parameter yang diamati meliputi distribusi
temperatur, temperatur rata-rata, heat transfer coefficient, absorbed heat, dan pressure
drop, pada variasi laju pengosongan (C-rate) dan laju aliran fluida 0,25 LPM, 0,50 LPM
dan 0,75 LPM.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa temperatur rata-rata meningkat dengan bertambahnya
C-rate, dan menurun seiring kenaikan laju aliran fluida. Heat transfer coefficient baterai
LFP 18650 mencapai 176,89 W/m²·K (0,25 LPM), 189,82 W/m²·K (0,50 LPM), dan
232,86 W/m²·K (0,75 LPM). Pada baterai NMC 18650, nilai masing-masing sebesar
171,44 W/m²·K (0,25 LPM), 286,10 W/m²·K (0,50 LPM), dan 334,12 W/m²·K (0,75 LPM)
pada C-rate 3C. Peningkatan laju aliran di atas 0,50 LPM menghasilkan pressure drop
yang signifikan tanpa peningkatan perpindahan panas yang sebanding. SF33 menunjukkan
performa lebih baik dibanding HFE 7100. Pada akhir pelepasan untuk immersion cooling
fluida HFE 7100 (berbasis hydrofluoroether) dan Fluida SF33 (berbasis
hydrofluoroolefin), temperatur rata-rata akhir sebesar 33,10 °C dan 32,70 °C untuk baterai
NMC 18650, sedangkan untuk baterai LFP 18650 temperatur rata-rata akhir sebesar 31,53
°C dan 29,80 °C pada discharge rate 3C.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their
high energy density and long service life. However, their performance and safety are
greatly affected by operating temperature, with an optimal range of 25–40 °C. Inefficiency
in the thermal management system (BTMS) can lead to a decrease in capacity,
performance, and even the risk of thermal runaway. Immersion cooling methods using
dielectric fluids offer a potential solution due to their high heat transfer efficiency and
ability to maintain battery temperature uniformity.
This study examines the performance of immersion cooling using HFE 7100 fluid
and SF3 fluid with a single LFP 18650 and NMC 18650 battery. The study was conducted
by symmetrically immersing the batteries in the dielectric fluids HFE-7100
(hydrofluoroether-based) and SF33 (hydrofluoroolefin-based) using an immersion cooling
test facility. The parameters observed included temperature distribution, average
temperature, heat transfer coefficient, absorbed heat, and pressure drop, at varying
discharge rates (C-rate) and fluid flow rates of 0.25 LPM, 0.50 LPM, and 0.75 LPM.
The results show that the average temperature increases with increasing C-rate and
decreases with increasing fluid flow rate. The heat transfer coefficient of the LFP 18650
battery reached 176.89 W/m²·K (0.25 LPM), 189.82 W/m²·K (0.50 LPM), and 232.86
W/m²·K (0.75 LPM). For the NMC 18650 battery, the values are 171.44 W/m²·K (0.25
LPM), 286.10 W/m²·K (0.50 LPM), and 334.12 W/m²·K (0.75 LPM) at a C-rate of 3C.
Increasing the flow rate above 0.50 LPM results in a significant pressure drop without a
corresponding increase in heat transfer. SF33 demonstrates better performance than HFE
7100. At the end of discharge for immersion cooling with HFE 7100 fluid
(hydrofluoroether-based) and SF33 fluid (hydrofluoroolefin-based), the average final
temperature was 33.10 °C and 32.70 °C for the NMC 18650 battery, while for the LFP
18650 battery, the average final temperature was 31.53 °C and 29.80 °C at a discharge rate
of 3C.
Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Immersion cooling, dielectric fluid, thermal management, lithium-ion battery, heat transfer coefficient, thermal runaway.