IDENTITAS IBU DALAM THE SCHOOL FOR GOOD MOTHERS KARYA JESSAMINE CHAN: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TEUN A. VAN DJIK
Fina Juliyanti, Dr. Cahyaningrum Dewojati, M.Hum
2025 | Tesis | S2 Sastra
Penelitian ini
berangkat dari fenomena sosial dan perdebatan panjang mengenai definisi ibu
yang baik dalam Masyarakat sosial modern yang sarat dengan standar ganda,
tuntutan perfeksionisme, dan kontrol sosial yang dilegitimasi oleh ideologi
keibuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap: (1) representasi identitas
ibu dalam novel, (2) reproduksi ideologi keibuan yang bekerja melalui narasi,
serta (3) kekuasaan dan praktik pengawasan negara dan bentuk-bentuk perlawanan
tokoh perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif
deskriptif dengan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) Teun A.
van Dijk yang mencakup tiga level analisis, yaitu struktur teks, kognisi
sosial, dan konteks sosial. Data penelitian berupa kutipan teks novel yang
terkait dengan konstruksi identitas ibu, kemudian diklasifikasikan dan
dianalisis menggunakan teori wacana kritis.
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa identitas ibu dalam novel dikonstruksi melalui berbagai
representasi, yakni ibu sebagai perawat anak, sosok yang berkorban, pendidik,
sekaligus dipandang sebagai kegagalan sosial. Reproduksi ideologi keibuan
terlihat melalui wacana standar pengasuhan yang tinggi, stigma terhadap ibu
tunggal, marginalisasi ibu sebagai warga kelas dua, serta pengabaian terhadap
peran domestik yang justru dilekatkan pada ibu. Selain itu, novel ini juga
menyingkap tokoh ibu mengekspresikan strategi pertahanan diri secara simbolik,
naratif, dan material dalam menghadapi tekanan sosial dan sistem pengawasan
yang ketat dari negara dan pemerintah. Melalui analisis ini, penelitian
mengungkap bahwa meskipun tokoh ibu berupaya mempertahankan identitas dan
posisinya, pada akhirnya mereka mengalami kekalahan dalam menghadapi dominasi
kekuasaan negara.
Kata
Kunci: Identitas Ibu, Analisis Wacana Kritis, Teun A Van dijk, Novel, Jessamine
Chan
This research stems
from social phenomena and lengthy debates regarding the definition of a good
mother in modern society, which is fraught with double standards, demands for
perfectionism, and social control legitimized by the ideology of motherhood.
This study aims to reveal: (1) representations of maternal identity in novels,
(2) the reproduction of maternal ideology through narrative, and (3) the power
and practices of state surveillance and the forms of response by female
characters in their efforts to maintain their identity. The research method
used is descriptive qualitative with Teun A. Van Dijk's Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA) approach, which includes three levels of analysis, namely the
text dimension, the social cognition dimension, and the social context
dimension. The research data consists of quotations from the novel related to
the construction of maternal identity, which are then classified and analyzed
using critical discourse theory.
The results of the
research show that the identity of mothers in novels is constructed through
various representations, namely mothers as caregivers, sacrificial figures,
educators, and at the same time viewed as social failures. The reproduction of
the ideology of motherhood is seen through the discourse of high standards of
parenting, stigma against single mothers, marginalization of mothers as
second-class citizens, and neglect of the domestic role that is attached to
mothers. In addition, this novel also reveals that the mother character
expresses symbolic, narrative, and material defense strategies in the face of
social pressure and strict surveillance systems from the state and government.
Through this analysis, the research reveals that even though the mother
character tries to maintain her identity and position, in the end she is
defeated in the face of the dominance of state power.
Keywords: Motherhood,
Critical Discourse Analysis, Teun A Van Dijk, Novel, Jessamine Chan
Kata Kunci : Motherhood, Critical Discourse Analysis, Teun A Van Dijk, Novel, Jessamine Chan
