Pengaruh revitalisasi Posyandu terhadap kinerja Posyandu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Propinsi Lampung
RIDWAN, dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA
2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar belakang: Salah satu upaya menurunkan tingkat kematian ibu dan anak secara operasional di Desa/Kelurahan melalui pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu). Departemen Kesehatan RI (1999), melaporkan dalam buku Analisis Rumusan Rencana Intervensi Forum komunikasi (ARRIF) didapat data besarnya sumbangan posyandu dalam meningkatkan cakupan program kesehatan seperti immunisasi DPT 61,9%, Polio 60,95%, TT ibu hamil 22,4% dan pemeriksan ibu hamil 11,2%. Namun demikian dengan terjadi krisis berdampak terhadap menurunnya kegiatan posyandu, di Kabupaten Tanggamus Propinsi Lampung (2003), peran serta masyarakat untuk datang ke Posyandu (D/S) hanya 41% dengan jumlah kader aktif 3,954 dari 5.199 orang kader, sedangkan hasil telaah kemandirian posyandu: 393 Pratama, 420 Madya dan 85 Purnama serta 8 mandiri. Melalui Surat Edaran Menteri dalam negeri No.411.3/1116/SJ/2001, diperlukan upaya revitalisasi posyandu guna peningkatan fungsi dan kinerja posyandu (Depdagri, 2001). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengaruh revitalisasi posyandu terhadap kinerja posyandu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Propinsi Lampung. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah dikriptif dengan pendekatan kulitatif yakni menggambarkan pengaruh revitalisasi posyandu terhadap kinerja posyandu. Subyek penelitian meliputi kader dan koordinator kader posyandu, tokoh masyarakat, kepala puskesmas dan petugas pembina desa, dari puskesmas yang mempunyai posyandu pratama dan purnama terbanyak. Alat pengambilan data menggunakan panduan diskusi kelompok terarah, pedoman wawancara mendalam dan check list observasi. Hasil Penelitian: Di Kabupaten Tanggamus program revitalisasi posyandu sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja posyandu, dim ana orientasi kegiatan tidak hanya anak balita namun kegiatan posyandu semakin berkembang dengan dibentuknya kelompok KP-KIA serta kegiatan dana sehat. Disamping itu sarana/perlengkapan yang ada pada posyandu semakin membaik terutama perlengkapan penimbangan, formulir pencatatan dan pelaporan telah disiapkan oleh pemerintah dalam hal ini Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten. Dana operasional posyandu belum tersedia dari pemerintah, namun terdapat lembaga sosial masyarakat membantu pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberian makanan tambahan bagi anak balita. Kesimpulan: Revitalisasi posyandu berpengaruh meningkatkan kinerja posyandu di Kabupaten Tanggamus Propinsi Lampung, namun peningkatannya belum merata di setiap puskesmas. Hal ini terjadi karena adanya perbedaan peran serta masyarakat dan fasilitasi pemerintah yang ada di wilayah puskesmas terhadap posyandu.
Background: One of the efforts to decrease mortality rate of maternal and perinatal, operationally, in village is through Integrated Service Post (Posyandu). Department of Health RI (1999), reported that in the book of Analysis of Formulation of Intervention Plan of Communication Forum (ARRIF), there is a contribution from Posyandu in increasing the coverage of health program such as DPT immunization with 61,9%, polio with 60,95%, TT of pregnant mother with 22,4% and check up of pregnant mother with 11,2%. However, with the crisis that effected on the decreasing of Posyandu activity in the district of Tanggamus, province of Lampung (2003), community’s participation to come to Posyandu (D/S) was only 41% with the number of active cadre was 3,954 out of 5,1999 cadres, while the observation result of Posyandu independency was 393 Pratama, 420 Madya and 85 Purnama as well as 8 Mandiri. Through the letter from the Minister of Internal Affair No. 411.3/1116/SJ/2001, Posyandu revitalization is needed to improve function and work performance of Posyandu (Depdagri, 2001). This research was aimed to find out the description of Posyandu revitalization influence toward the work performance of Posyandu in the district of Tanggamus, province of Lampung. Method: This was a descriptive research that used qualitative approach that is by describing the influence of Posyandu revitalization toward work performance of Posyandu. The subject of the research consisted of cadre and cadre coordinator of Posyandu, public figure, head of Primary Health Care and health care provider in the village (GASBINSA) from Primary Health Care that had most of pratama and purnama Posyandu. Data was taken by using Focus Group Discussion, guidance of in-depth interview and observation checklist. Result: In the district of Tanggamus, revitalization program of Posyandu was greatly influenced the work performance of Posyandu where activity orientation was not only for children under five years old instead of the activity of Posyandu has been more developed with the forming of KP-KIA group as well healthy funding activity. In addition, the existing facility/equipment in Primary Health Care was getting better especially equipment for weighing, registration and reporting forms have been prepared by government which is the District Health Office. Operational funding of Posyandu was not yet available from government although there was already an institution of community social in helping the implementation of giving supplementary food for children under five years old. Conclusion: Posyandu’s revitalization influenced in improving the work performance of posyandu in the district of Tanggamus, province of Lampung although the improvement was not yet spread out in every Primary Health Care. This was occurred, as there was a role differences between community’s participation and government facilitation in the area of Primary Health Care toward the posyandu.
Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Layanan Kesehatan, Kinerja Posyandu, Revitalisasi
