Kerugian EKonomi Akibat Bencana Banjir pada Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata di Kabupaten Lombok Barat (Studi Kasus Banjir Tahun 2021 di Kecamatan Batulayar)

Vusva Pandini, Prof. Ir. Joko Sujono, M.Eng., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Dina Ruslanjari., M.Si

2025 | Tesis | S2 MAGISTER MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Banjir merupakan bencana hidrometeorologi yang paling sering terjadi, menyumbang 44?ri total seluruh kejadian bencana, dan menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi signifikan, khususnya pada sektor pariwisata. Berdasarkan KRB Lombok Barat Tahun 2023-2028, Kecamatan Batulayar sebagai kawasan strategis pariwisata Lombok Barat memiliki keterpaparan tinggi terhadap banjir seluas 1.366,82 ha. Perubahan penggunaan lahan yang sering terjadi menyebabkan berkurangnya daya serap tanah, meningkatkan aliran permukaan, sehingga memicu terjadinya banjir. Dampak banjir yang terjadi tidak hanya merusak infrastruktur pariwisata, tetapi juga menurunkan jumlah wisatawan yang berpotensi terhadap penurunan pendapatan pariwisata, serta dapat memicu kerugian ekonomi jangka panjang.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran wilayah terdampak, menghitung kerugian ekonomi, dan merumuskan strategi penanggulangan. Perhitungan kerugian ekonomi menggunakan metode ECLAC, yakni menghitung kerugian ekonomi langsung dan ekonomi tidak langsung. Kerugian ekonomi langsung dihitung berdasarkan kerusakan rumah, fasilitas pendidikan, fasilitas peribadatan, talud, dan jembatan. Sementara kerugian tidak langsung dihitung berdasarkan penurunan jumlah wisatawan, lama tinggal wisatawan, pendapatan penginapan dan objek wisata.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan banjir berdampak pada sembilan kelurahan, dengan dampak terbesar di Batulayar Barat, Meninting, dan Sandik. Total kerugian ekonomi langsung mencapai Rp 3.223.696.500, sedangkan kerugian tidak langsung Rp 1.368.797.845. Berdasarkan integrasi temuan, strategi penanggulangan diarahkan pada mitigasi struktural dan non-struktural. Mitigasi struktural meliputi rehabilitasi saluran drainase, perbaikan jembatan, dan rumah. Mitigasi non-struktural dilakukan melalui penegakan tata ruang berbasis risiko, termasuk integrasi kebencanaan dalam RTRW dan RIPPARIDA. Penguatan strategi mitigasi perlu ditempuh dengan pendekatan partisipatif dan koordinasi lintas sektor.

Floods are the most common hydrometeorological disasters, accounting for 44% of all disaster incidents and causing significant economic losses, particularly in the tourism sector. According to the West Lombok Regional Development Plan (KRB) for 2023-2028, Batulayar District, a strategic tourism area in West Lombok, has a high exposure to flooding covering an area of 1,366.82 hectares. Frequent changes in land use have reduced soil absorption capacity, increased surface runoff, and triggered floods. The impacts of floods not only damage tourism infrastructure but also reduce the number of tourists, potentially leading to a decline in tourism revenue and causing long-term economic losses.

 This study aims to identify the distribution of affected areas, calculate economic losses, and formulate mitigation strategies. Economic loss calculations use the ECLAC method, which includes both direct and indirect economic losses. Direct economic losses are calculated based on damage to houses, educational facilities, religious facilities, embankments, and bridges. Indirect losses are calculated based on the decline in the number of tourists, the length of stay of tourists, and the income of lodging and tourist attractions.

The research results show that the floods affected nine subdistricts, with the greatest impact in Batulayar Barat, Meninting, and Sandik. The total direct economic losses amounted to Rp 3,223,696,500, while indirect losses amounted to Rp 1,368,797,845. Based on the integration of findings, the mitigation strategy is directed at structural and non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation includes the rehabilitation of drainage channels, bridge repairs, and housing. Non-structural mitigation is carried out through risk-based spatial planning enforcement, including the integration of disaster management into the RTRW and RIPPARIDA. Strengthening mitigation strategies requires a participatory approach and cross-sectoral coordination.

Kata Kunci : Banjir, Sektor Pariwisata, ECLAC