Analisis Kelayakan Pemanfaatan Air Limbah PLTD X untuk Penyiraman Ruang Terbuka Hijau

Benny Setyawan, Dr. Joko Wintoko, S.T., M.Sc ; Ir. Ayodya Pradhipta Tenggara, S.T,M.Sc., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Teknik Sistem

Meningkatnya permintaan listrik di Indonesia akibat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan mendorong PT PLN Nusantara Power untuk memperluas pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD), khususnya di wilayah tertinggal. PLTD X yang berlokasi di Kalimantan Barat beroperasi selama 24 jam dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 8,24 MW dan menghasilkan tiga jenis air limbah: limbah domestik, limbah dari instalasi pengolahan air (WTP), serta limbah oily water dari pencucian peralatan. Lokasinya yang berada di area perkotaan dan tidak memiliki badan air alami terdekat menyebabkan tantangan dalam pembuangan air limbah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan air limbah terolah sebagai alternatif sumber air untuk penyiraman Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). Penelitian ini melibatkan evaluasi terhadap infrastruktur IPAL eksisting, yang dianalisis kesesuaiannya terhadap kriteria desain bangunan pengolahan air limbah. Selanjutnya, dilakukan evaluasi efisiensi dari masing-masing IPAL terhadap kemampuan menghasilkan kualitas air sesuai baku mutu untuk keperluan penyiraman. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi kebutuhan luas lahan RTH yang diperlukan sebagai area pemanfaatan, serta melakukan perhitungan biaya pemeliharaan IPAL selama lima tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IPAL eksisting telah memenuhi rentang standar berdasarkan kriteria desain bangunan pengolahan air limbah. Efisiensi pengolahan limbah menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air terolah telah sesuai dengan baku mutu untuk penyiraman. 

The increasing demand for electricity in Indonesia, driven by continued economic growth, has led PT PLN Nusantara Power to expand the utilization of Diesel Power Plants (PLTD), particularly in underdeveloped regions. PLTD X, located in West Kalimantan, operates continuously for 24 hours a day with an installed capacity of 8.24 MW. The facility generates three types of waste water: domestic effluent, effluent from the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), and oily wastewater resulting from equipment washing activities. Given its urban location and the absence of nearby natural water bodies, the discharge of treated wastewater poses a significant challenge. Consequently, a feasibility study was undertaken to assess the potential for reusing treated wastewater for the irrigation of Green Open Spaces (GOS). This assessment encompasses technical considerations, regulatory compliance, and the quality of treated wastewater in accordance with relevant environmental standards. The research employed an evaluative method, in which the feasibility of the existing wastewater treatment infrastructure was analyzed and compared against appropriate design criteria. Data collection was carried out through direct measurements at the site to identify wastewater sources and determine the available land area suitable for Green Open Space development. In addition, wastewater samples were collected from each source and analyzed by an accredited external laboratory to assess their compliance with reuse standard. The findings indicate that treated effluent from PLTD X—particularly from domestic sources—possesses strong potential to be reused as an alternative water source for GOS irrigation in a manner that is both efficient and sustainable. This initiative is expected to serve as an innovative approach to promoting sustainable water resource management and environmentally responsible urban drainage practices.

Kata Kunci : PLTD, WTP, Oily Water, RTH, IPAL