Ekstraksi Litium Secara Selektif Dari Baterai NMC Bekas Dengan Metode Roasting Dan Pelindian Air
Dira Avista, Prof. Ir. Indra Perdana, S.T., M.T., Ph.D
2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia
Penggunaan baterai
litium-ion, khususnya yang berbasis NMC, semakin meningkat seiring dengan
berkembangnya teknologi energi terbarukan dan kendaraan listrik. Namun, masalah
limbah baterai yang dihasilkan menjadi tantangan besar dalam pengelolaan
lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan ekstraksi
litium secara selektif dari katoda baterai NMC bekas menggunakan metode roasting
dan pelindian air. Variasi yang dilakukan mencakup suhu pemanasan pada 650,
750, 850, dan 950°C, waktu roasting selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam, serta
penambahan komposisi anoda sebesar 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, dan 50%. Setelah
proses roasting, pelindian air dilakukan dengan rasio 1g/50 ml air pada
suhu kamar. Litium yang terekstrak dianalisi menggunakan ICP-MS. Kinetika
dipelajari dengan mengamati konversi pada dua laju pemanasan (5 dan 10oC/menit)
dengan menggunakan DSC. Recovery litium optimum diperoleh pada suhu roasting
750°C, lama waktu 2 jam, dan penambahan anoda sebesar 50%, di mana litium
berhasil diekstrak dengan nilai recovery sebesar 97,11?n selektivitas 100%
terhadap logam litium. Model kinetika yang mendekati untuk proses
pembentukan litium yang larut dalam air yaitu model kontraksi area (R2) dengan
nilai tetapan pre-eksponensial Arrhenius <!--[if gte msEquation 12]>
The utilisation of
lithium-ion batteries, particularly those based on nickel manganese cobalt
(NMC), has witnessed a significant increase in tandem with the advancement of
renewable energy technologies and electric vehicles. However, the challenge
posed by battery waste remains a considerable concern for environmental
management. Therefore, this study aims to selectively extract lithium from
spent NMC battery cathodes through roasting and aqueous leaching methods. The
variations investigated include heating temperatures of 650, 750, 850, and
950°C, roasting durations of 1, 2, and 3 h, and the incorporation of anode
compositions at proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. Following the
roasting process, aqueous leaching was performed at a ratio of 1g of cathode
material to 50 ml of water at ambient temperature. The extracted lithium was
analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Kinetic
studies were conducted by observing conversion rates at two heating rates (5
and 10°C/min) employing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The optimal
lithium recovery was attained at a roasting temperature of 750°C, for a
duration of 2 h, and with an anode addition of 50%, yielding a recovery rate of
97.11% and a selectivity of 100% towards lithium metal. The kinetic model that
best describes the process of lithium dissolution in aqueous solution is the
area contraction model (R2), exhibiting an Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of
2.44×10? and an activation energy of 220 kJ/mol. These findings underscore the
efficacy of roasting and aqueous leaching methods in the extraction of lithium
from NMC battery waste, significantly contributing to the advancement of
sustainable recycling technologies. This research is anticipated to provide a
valuable reference for the development of more environmentally friendly and
efficient battery waste management strategies.
Kata Kunci : limbah baterai, baterai NMC, roasting baterai NMC, ekstraksi litium