ANALISIS PENGALAMAN BURNOUT DAN STRATEGI COPING PADA DOKTER GIGI PUSKESMAS DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Nelly Herawaty N, Prof. Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Latar
Belakang: Jam kerja panjang, postur kerja monoton, dan tingginya kunjungan
pasien merupakan tantangan bagi dokter gigi yang dapat memicu stres kerja
hingga burnout. Keseimbangan antara tuntutan pekerjaan dan kemampuan mengelolanya
penting untuk mencegah burnout. Studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa dokter
gigi puskesmas bertanggung jawab atas multi-tugas yang meningkatan beban kerja
hingga memicu burnout. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi
pengalaman burnout, faktor areas of work-life yang berkontribusi,
serta strategi coping dokter gigi puskesmas di Kota Yogyakarta.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain
fenomenologi. Informan utama adalah dokter gigi puskesmas dan data dikumpulkan melalui
wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumen.
Hasil: Burnout pada dokter gigi bersifat insidental dan masih dapat
ditangani karena adanya resiliensi dan kepuasan kerja. Kelelahan emosional muncul
akibat tingginya beban kerja, keterbatasan kontrol sedangkan depersonalisasi
tidak ditemukan karena terbangunnya komunikasi empatik terjaga. Penurunan
pencapaian pribadi berkaitan dengan rasa kurang puas terhadap hasil kerja,
hambatan karir, dan minimnya pengembangan profesional. Beban kerja menjadi
faktor dominan pemicu burnout, sementara
dukungan komunitas, dan kesesuaian nilai berperan sebagai faktor protektif. Strategi
coping didominasi oleh emotion-focused coping. Manajemen tempat
kerja mencegah stres kerja melalui intervensi kebijakan dan penyelenggaraan
program kesehatan kerja.
Kesimpulan: Burnout pada dokter gigi tidak muncul secara eksplisit, namun
diidentifikasi melalui dimensi kelelahan emosional, depersonalisasi, dan
penurunan pencapaian pribadi. Faktor
pekerjaan berkontribusi terhadap burnout, sementara strategi coping
dan intervensi manajemen berperan dalam menjaga kesejahteraan kerja.
Background: Long working hours, monotonous postures, and a high volume of patients
visits are challenges for dentists that may trigger work-related stress and
burnout. Balancing job demands with the ability to manage them is essential to
prevent burnout. Preliminary studies show that community health center
(puskesmas) dentists are responsible for multitasking, which increases workload
and may leads to burnout. This study aims to explore experiences of burnout,
contributing factors from areas of work-life, and coping strategies among
puskesmas dentists in Yogyakarta City.
Method: This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological
design. The main informants were puskesmas dentists, and data were collected
through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis.
Result: Burnout among dentists was incidental and manageable due to
resilience and job satisfaction. Emotional
exhaustion was triggered by high workload and limited control, while
depersonalization was not identified because empathic communication remained
intact. Reduces personal accomplishment was associated with dissatifaction with
work outcomes, career barries, and limited professional development. Workload
was the dominant predictor of burnout, whereas community support and value
congruence served as protective factors. Coping strategies were predominantly
emotion-focused coping. Workplace management contributed by implementing policy
interventions and occupational health programs.
Conclusion: Burnout among Puskesmas dentists was not explicitly manifested but
was identified through emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced
personal accomplishment. Areas of work-life domain contributed to burnout,
while coping strategies and managerial
interventions played role in maintaining job stress effectively.
Kata Kunci : dokter gigi, puskesmas, burnout, areas of work-life, strategi coping, stres kerja/dentists, community health centers, burnout, areas of work-life, coping strategies, work stress
