Kajian Laju Korosi Elemen Baja Struktural pada Paparan Udara Berkadar Garam Tinggi di Wilayah Pesisir dengan Proteksi Lapisan Berbasis Polimer
Anizar Rafi Arrosyid, Ir. Suprapto Siswosukarto, Ph.D., IPM.; Angga Fajar Setiawan, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil
Korosi atmosferik merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penurunan umur pakai baja pada
lingkungan industri dan pesisir, termasuk di kawasan PLTU Adipala, Cilacap. Kondisi
lingkungan seperti kadar ion klorida yang tinggi serta tingginya waktu basah (Time of
Wetness/ToW) berperan besar dalam mempercepat proses korosi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini
bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap laju korosi baja karbon, serta
mengevaluasi performa pelindung dari tiga jenis lapisan polimer, yaitu alkyd, epoxy, dan
polyurethane, dalam menahan serangan korosi di atmosfer PLTU Adipala.
Metode yang digunakan meliputi uji paparan langsung di tiga lokasi berbeda: pesisir pantai,
kawasan industri (ESP), dan kawasan normal. Empat jenis spesimen digunakan: kontrol tanpa
pelapis, lapisan alkyd, lapisan epoxy, dan lapisan polyurethane. Pengujian dilakukan secara
periodik selama 1, 3, 6, dan 9 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju korosi (mengacu
ASTM G1 dan G50), kondisi visual permukaan, morfologi dan komposisi unsur melalui SEM
EDS, serta data lingkungan berupa kelembapan relatif, time of wetness (ToW), kadar ion
klorida, suhu, dan kecepatan angin. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung laju korosi rata
rata per lokasi, menginterpretasi citra SEM-EDS, dan mengkorelasikan hasilnya dengan
parameter lingkungan.
Hasil menunjukkan spesimen kontrol mengalami kerusakan paling cepat dengan rata-rata laju
korosi di bulan pertama sebesar 1.990 mm/tahun. Korosi yang muncul sejak bulan pertama
berkembang menjadi pengelupasan material pada bulan ke-9. Spesimen alkyd mampu
memperlambat korosi dengan signifikan, meskipun tetap mengalami blistering dan retakan di
lingkungan agresif. Laju korosi rata-rata tertinggi spesimen alkyd sebesar 0.0079 mm/tahun.
Lapisan epoxy menunjukkan ketahanan lebih baik, dengan korosi baru terindikasi pada bulan
ke-6 melalui retakan mikro dan blistering kecil. Laju korosi rata-rata tertinggi 0.0077
mm/tahun. Polyurethane memiliki performa perlindungan terbaik, dengan permukaan relatif
utuh hingga bulan ke-9 dan rata-rata laju korosi tertinggi hanya 0.0022 mm/tahun. Faktor
lingkungan seperti kadar klorida tinggi dan TOW panjang terbukti mempercepat proses korosi
di seluruh spesimen, terutama di lokasi pantai.
Atmospheric corrosion is one of the main causes of reduced service life of steel in industrial
and coastal environments, including the PLTU Adipala power plant in Cilacap. Environmental
factors such as high chloride ion concentration and extended time of wetness (ToW) play a
significant role in accelerating corrosion. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence
of environmental conditions on the corrosion rate of carbon steel and to evaluate the protective
performance of three types of polymer coatings (alkyd, epoxy, and polyurethane) against
atmospheric corrosion in the PLTU Adipala environment.
The research method involved direct exposure tests at three different locations: the coastal area,
the industrial zone (ESP), and a normal zone. Four types of specimens were used: uncoated
control, alkyd-coated, epoxy-coated, and polyurethane-coated steel. The specimens were
exposed for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. The observed parameters included corrosion rate (based on
ASTM G1 and G50), surface visual condition, morphology and elemental composition using
SEM-EDS, and environmental data such as relative humidity, time of wetness (ToW), chloride
ion concentration, temperature, and wind speed. Data analysis was conducted by calculating
the average corrosion rate per location, interpreting SEM-EDS images, and correlating the
results with environmental parameters.
The results showed that the control specimen deteriorated most rapidly, with an average
corrosion rate of 1.990 mm/year in the first month. Corrosion initiated as early rust spots and
developed into severe material peeling by the ninth month. The alkyd coating was able to
significantly slow down corrosion, although blistering and cracking occurred in aggressive
environments, with a maximum corrosion rate of 0.0079 mm/year. The epoxy coating
demonstrated better resistance, with corrosion only observed after six months in the form of
microcracks and small blisters, reaching a maximum corrosion rate of 0.0077 mm/year.
Polyurethane exhibited the best protective performance, maintaining a relatively intact surface
up to nine months, with the highest corrosion rate recorded at only 0.0022 mm/year.
Environmental factors such as elevated chloride ion concentration and prolonged ToW were
confirmed to accelerate corrosion in all specimens, particularly in the coastal location.
Kata Kunci : korosi atmosferik, time of wetness, alkyd, epoxy, polyurethane