Pengembangan Fisik Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Sebagai Rumah Sakit (RS) Pendidikan Utama UGM Menggunakan Evidence Based Design (EBD)
Humaera Elphananing Tyas, Prof. dr. Adi Utarini, M.P.H., M.Sc., Ph.D ; Dyah Permata Kurnia Dewi, S.T., M.Kes
2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN
Latar Belakang:
Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan tempat yang berisiko terhadap keamanan pasien akibat kepadatan pasien. Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) adalah RS pendidikan utama yang merupakan Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (RS-PTN. Ruang IGD saat ini berukuran 540 m2 dengan ruangan terbatas. Peningkatan kepadatan di IGD belum diikuti oleh perluasan kapasitas dan fasilitas pendukung. RSA UGM berencana melakukan pembangunan gedung yang didalamnya terdapat IGD baru yang harapannya sesuai dengan Evidence Based Design (EBD) dan kebutuhan pengguna.
Tujuan:
Merancang usulan perbaikan dalam pengembangan fisik IGD RSA UGM berdasarkan EBD, standar IGD dan kebutuhan pengguna IGD melalui Evaluasi Purna Huni (EPH)
Metode:
Penelitian studi kasus dengan desain kasus tunggal deskriptif untuk menggambarkan fenomena dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber data pada unit analisis kasus tunggal. Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari ceklis kesesuaian atau kesenjangan kondisi eksisting IGD RSA UGM dan data kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel ke 85 pengguna eksternal IGD serta data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari observasi peneliti sebagai non-partisipan dan data wawancara kebutuhan desain fisik IGD ke 14 pengguna internal IGD. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif.
Hasil:Latar Belakang:
Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan tempat yang berisiko terhadap keamanan pasien akibat kepadatan pasien. Rumah Sakit Akademik Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) adalah RS pendidikan utama yang merupakan Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (RS-PTN. Ruang IGD saat ini berukuran 540 m2 dengan ruangan terbatas. Peningkatan kepadatan di IGD belum diikuti oleh perluasan kapasitas dan fasilitas pendukung. RSA UGM berencana melakukan pembangunan gedung yang didalamnya terdapat IGD baru yang harapannya sesuai dengan Evidence Based Design (EBD) dan kebutuhan pengguna.
Tujuan:
Merancang usulan perbaikan dalam pengembangan fisik IGD RSA UGM berdasarkan EBD, standar IGD dan kebutuhan pengguna IGD melalui Evaluasi Purna Huni (EPH)
Metode:
Penelitian studi kasus dengan desain kasus tunggal deskriptif untuk menggambarkan fenomena dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber data pada unit analisis kasus tunggal. Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari ceklis kesesuaian atau kesenjangan kondisi eksisting IGD RSA UGM dan data kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel ke 85 pengguna eksternal IGD serta data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari observasi peneliti sebagai non-partisipan dan data wawancara kebutuhan desain fisik IGD ke 14 pengguna internal IGD. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif.
Hasil:
Berdasarkan EPH, ditemukan adanya kesenjangan pada IGD RSA UGM yang dibandingkan dengan EBD yaitu aspek teknik yang mencakup perbaikan dalam hal pencahayaan, kebisingan, suhu, kontrol infeksi, keamanan, sirkulasi dan aksesibilitas; aspek fungsi yang mencakup perbaikan desain ruangan terkait alur penanganan antara pasien fast track atau false emergency dengan pasien kritikal, penambahan ruangan baru dan perbaikan ruangan lama; dan aspek perilaku yaitu perbaikan terkait kenyamanan, kebersihan, privasi, dan tampilan estetika serta visual IGD sehingga disimpulkan beberapa rekomendasi perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan pada jangka pendek dan panjang.
Kesimpulan:
Terdapat kesenjangan dalam performa fisik IGD RSA UGM dari aspek teknik, fungsi dan perilaku bila dibandingkan dengan EBD, standar IGD dan kebutuhan penggunanya sehingga perlu perbaikan untuk pengembangan IGD RSA ke depan.
Backgrounds:
Emergency rooms (ERs) are places that are at risk for patient safety due to overcrowding. The Academic Hospital of Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) is a primary educational hospital. The current size of the ER is 540 m2 with limited space. Overcrowding of ER has not been accompanied by an expansion of capacity and supporting facilities. RSA UGM plans to build a new building which will include a new ER that is hoped to be in accordance with Evidence Based Design (EBD) and the needs of users.
Objective:
To propose a design improvement for the physical development of ER at RSA UGM based on EBD, standard of ER, and the needs of ER users using Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
Method:
A descriptive single-case study research method to describe the phenomenon using various data sources in a single case analysis unit. The type of data used is quantitative data obtained from a checklist of gaps in the existing condition of the ER at RSA UGM compared to EBD and ER standards, and data from a valid and reliable questionnaires distributed to 85 external users of the ER, as well as qualitative data obtained from non-participant researcher observations and interviews regarding the physical design needs of the 14 internal users of the ER. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis.
Results:
Based on POE, it was found that there were EBD gaps , namely technical aspects which includes improvements in lighting, noise, temperature, infection control, safety, circulation, and accessibility; the functional aspect, which includes improvements in room design related to the handling flow between fast-track patients or false emergencies and critical patients, the addition of new rooms, and renovations of old rooms; and the behavioral aspect, which addresses comfort, cleanliness, privacy, aesthetical appearance and visual of ER so it can be concluded that there are several recommendations for improvements that can be made in the short and long term.
Conclusion:
The physical performance of ER at RSA UGM in terms of technology, function, and behavior still shows gaps when compared to Evidence Based Design ( EBD, ER standards and user needs thus necessitating improvements for the development of ER at RSA UGM
Keywords: Development of the ER, ER Design, Evidence Based Design, Educational Hospital, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
Backgrounds:
Emergency rooms (ERs) are places that are at risk for patient safety due to overcrowding. The Academic Hospital of Universitas Gadjah Mada (RSA UGM) is a primary educational hospital. The current size of the ER is 540 m2 with limited space. Overcrowding of ER has not been accompanied by an expansion of capacity and supporting facilities. RSA UGM plans to build a new building which will include a new ER that is hoped to be in accordance with Evidence Based Design (EBD) and the needs of users.
Objective:
To propose a design improvement for the physical development of ER at RSA UGM based on EBD, standard of ER, and the needs of ER users using Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
Method:
A descriptive single-case study research method to describe the phenomenon using various data sources in a single case analysis unit. The type of data used is quantitative data obtained from a checklist of gaps in the existing condition of the ER at RSA UGM compared to EBD and ER standards, and data from a valid and reliable questionnaires distributed to 85 external users of the ER, as well as qualitative data obtained from non-participant researcher observations and interviews regarding the physical design needs of the 14 internal users of the ER. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis.
Results:
Based on POE, it was found that there were EBD gaps , namely technical aspects which includes improvements in lighting, noise, temperature, infection control, safety, circulation, and accessibility; the functional aspect, which includes improvements in room design related to the handling flow between fast-track patients or false emergencies and critical patients, the addition of new rooms, and renovations of old rooms; and the behavioral aspect, which addresses comfort, cleanliness, privacy, aesthetical appearance and visual of ER so it can be concluded that there are several recommendations for improvements that can be made in the short and long term.
Conclusion:
The physical performance of ER at RSA UGM in terms of technology, function, and behavior still shows gaps when compared to Evidence Based Design ( EBD, ER standards and user needs thus necessitating improvements for the development of ER at RSA UGM
Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: Pengembangan IGD, Desain IGD, Evidence Based Design, RS Pendidikan, Evaluasi Purna Huni (EPH); Keywords: Development of the ER, ER Design, Evidence Based Design, Educational Hospital, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
