Faktor Penentu Adaptasi Remaja Terhadap Paparan Suhu Panas Luar Ruangan di Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta

Ragil Suciningsih, Dr. Daniel, M.Sc ; Vena Jaladara, S.K.M., M.PH

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Perubahan iklim menyebabkan peningkatan suhu global yang berdampak serius terutama di wilayah perkotaan. Kondisi ini memperburuk risiko kesehatan, terutama pada remaja yang sering beraktivitas di luar ruangan, sehingga perlu adaptasi untuk mencegah dampak fisik dan mental akibat paparan panas. Penelitian terkait faktor penentu adaptasi paparan panas dengan identifikasi faktor kontekstual dan faktor perilaku RANAS (Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Ability, Self-regulation) masih jarang dilakukan baik secara global maupun di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, topik ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran dan faktor penentu adaptasi remaja terhadap paparan suhu panas luar ruangan di kawasan perkotaan Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Analisis Data Sekunder. Data berasal dari penelitian “Analisa Dampak Cuaca Panas di Luar Ruangan pada Kesehatan Mental Remaja di Kawasan Perkotaan di Indonesia: Studi Kasus di Kota Yogyakarta” oleh Mahendradhata et al. (2024) dengan total 439 responden remaja. Seluruh sampel tersebut digunakan dalam analisis, yang meliputi uji chi-square dan pemodelan Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). Hasil:  Mayoritas remaja (54,2%) berada dalam kategori kurang adaptif. Hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan bahwa diskusi pencegahan yang dilakukan remaja dengan teman secara signifikan berhubungan dengan pembentukan persepsi pada seluruh faktor perilaku adaptasi berdasarkan model RANAS. Berdasarkan analisis Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Pengaturan Diri merupakan faktor perilaku yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan perilaku adaptasi paparan suhu panas luar ruangan. Kesimpulan: Gambaran adaptasi remaja terhadap paparan suhu panas luar ruangan di kawasan perkotaan Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa 37,1% remaja berada dalam kategori adaptif. Penggunaan tabir surya merupakan perilaku yang paling banyak dilakukan. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku adaptasi adalah Diskusi Pencegahan. Implikasi praktis yang sesuai berdasarkan determinan tersebut ialah pengembangan sistem peringatan dini dan penyediaan infrastruktur penunjang adaptasi suhu panas.

Background: Climate change has led to an increase in global temperatures, posing serious health risks, particularly in urban areas. This exacerbates health risks, especially for vulnerable populations such as adolescents, who frequently engage in outdoor activities. Consequently, adaptive strategies are crucial to mitigate the physical and mental health consequences of outdoor heat exposure. Research concerning the determinants of heat exposure adaptation, specifically identifying both contextual factors and behavioral factors based on the RANAS (Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Ability, Self-regulation) model, remains scarce globally and within Indonesia. Therefore, further investigation into this topic is warranted. Objective: To examine the profile and key determinants of adolescent adaptation to outdoor heat exposure in urban areas of Yogyakarta. Methods: This study employed a quantitative method with a Secondary Data Analysis approach. The data were obtained from the study “Analysis of Outdoor Heat Exposure on Adolescent Mental Health in Urban Areas of Indonesia: A Case Study in Yogyakarta City” by Mahendradhata et al. (2024), involving a total of 439 adolescent respondents. All samples were included in the analysis, which comprised chi-square testing and Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) modelling. Results: Most adolescents (54.2%) were categorized as having low adaptive behavior. Chi-square analysis indicated that preventive discussions with peers were significantly associated with the formation of perceptions across all behavioral components in the RANAS model. The Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) analysis identified self-regulation as the most influential behavioral factor in shaping adaptive responses to outdoor heat exposure. Conclusion: A depiction of adolescent adaptation to outdoor heat exposure in urban Yogyakarta reveals that 37.1% of adolescents fall into the adaptive category. Sunscreen use was identified as the most prevalent adaptive behavior. The most influential factor affecting adaptation behavior was Prevention Discussion. The practical implications derived from this determinant involve developing an early warning system and providing supporting infrastructure for heat adaptation.

Kata Kunci : Adaptation, Outdoor Heat Exposure, Adolescents, RANAS, Bayesian Belief Network