Evaluasi Potensi Produksi dan Kualitas Benih Pada Tegakan Kandidat Sumber Benih Cendana (Santalum album L.) di Desa Petir, Zona Selatan Gunung Sewu

Jidhan Humaid Priambudi, Dr. Ir. Yeni W. N Ratnaningrum, S.Hut., M.Sc. ; Dr. Ir. Sapto Indrioko, S.Hut., M.P., IPU.

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Cendana (Santalum album L.) merupakan spesies bernilai tinggi yang kini statusnya terancam punah di level nasional maupun internasional, akibat eksploitasi tanpa diiringi keberhasilan penanaman kembali. Untuk mencegah ancaman kepunahannya dan meningkatkan keberhasilan pembangunan hutan tanaman, diperlukan sumber benih bersertifikat yang memenuhi syarat umum dan khusus sumber benih. Tegakan cendana di Desa Petir, yang merupakan salah satu ras lahan terbesar (78 ha) di Pulau Jawa, dan pada saat ini memiliki keragaman genetik serta kualitas benih yang beragam, dipandang berpotensi sebagai kandidat sumber benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi produksi benih, kualitas benih masing-masing pohon induk, serta kelayakan tegakan tersebut untuk dikonversi menjadi sumber benih sesuai PermenLHK No. P.3/MENLHK/2020.

Perhitungan estimasi potensi produksi benih dilakukan berdasarkan metode Varghese dengan menghitung jumlah cabang, malai, dan bunga pada pohon- pohon berbuah. Kualitas benih diuji melalui penghitungan viabilitas menggunakan metode Copeland dan McDonald. Data viabilitas dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT. Evaluasi kelayakan dilakukan berdasarkan syarat umum dan khusus yang ditetapkan dalam PermenLHKNo. P.3/MENLHK/2020.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh pohon induk mampu berbuah dengan rata-rata total buah sebesar 6.486,28 buah per pohon. Rata-rata viabilitas benih mencapai 50,65%, dengan nilai tertinggi 82?n terendah 0%, serta menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar pohon induk. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa kualitas fisiologis benih sangat dipengaruhi oleh pohon induk. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap kandidat sumber benih yang diatur dalam PermenLHK No. P.3/MENLHK/2020, tegakan cendana di Dusun Petir C dinyatakan memenuhi syarat untuk ditetapkan sebagai sumber benih dengan klasifikasi Tegakan Benih Teridentifikasi.

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a high-value species currently facing the threat of extinction at both national and international levels due to overexploitation without successful replanting efforts. To prevent its extinction and enhance the success of forest plantation development, certified seed sources that meet the general and specific requirements are essential. The sandalwood stand in Petir Village, which constitutes one of the largest landraces (78 ha) on Java Island and currently exhibits genetic diversity and variable seed quality, is considered to have potential as a candidate seed source. This study aims to evaluate the seed production potential, seed quality of individual mother trees, and the eligibility of the stand to be designated as a seed source in accordance with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.3/MENLHK/2020.

The estimation of seed production potential was conducted using the Varghese method by counting the number of branches, panicles, and flowers on fruiting trees. Seed quality was assessed through viability testing using the Copeland and McDonald method. Viability data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The eligibility evaluation was carried out based on the general and specific requirements stipulated in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.3/MENLHK/2020.

The results showed that all mother trees were capable of producing fruit, with an average total fruit count of 6,486.28 fruits per tree. The average seed viability was 50,65%, with the highest value reaching 82% and the lowest 0%, indicating significant differences among the mother trees. This confirms that seed physiological quality is highly influenced by the mother tree. Based on the evaluation of candidate seed sources as regulated in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.3/MENLHK/2020, the sandalwood stand in Petir Hamlet C was declared to meet the requirements for designation as a seed source under the classification of Identified Seed Stand.

Kata Kunci : Sumber benih, Pohon induk, Potensi produksi benih, Viabilitas benih, Evaluasi sumber benih, Tegakan Benih Teridentifikasi.