Optimasi Produksi Biobriket Dari Tandan Kosong Dan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Yang Diperkaya Bahan Pemantik Pembakaran Sebagai Energi Terbarukan

Jaenal Ferdiansyah Nugraha, Dr. Wagiman, S.T.P., M.Si; Dr. Jumeri, S.T.P., M.Si

2025 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Industri Pertanian

Peningkatan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil serta menipisnya cadangan gas dan minyak bumi mengharuskan pengembangan energi terbarukan. Biomassa dari limbah kelapa sawit di Indonesia berpotensi dijadikan biobriket. Kekurangan dalam penyalaan awal pada biobriket menjadikan tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengoptimalkan produksi biobriket dari limbah kelapa sawit dengan penambahan perekat getah pinus dan pemantik belerang untuk ketermudahan penyalaan awal, serta menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi, sensitivitas, dan nilai tambah.

Tahapan penelitian ini membuat rancangan percobaan dengan orthogonal array L9 (3^4) berdasarkan metode Taguchi, pelaksanaan eksperimen, pengujian karakteristik produk berdasarkan SNI dan standardisasi pengujian terhadap 6 faktor respon, analisis hasil eksperimen dan uji konfirmasi berdasarkan metode Taguchi dan Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), analisis kelayakan ekonomi (BEP, B/C Ratio, ROI, PP), sensitivitas, dan nilai tambah.

Hasil penelitian diperoleh komposisi terbaik A1B2C3D3 yaitu konsentrasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) 3 gram, cangkang kelapa sawit (CKS) 16 gram, getah pinus 40%, dan belerang 20%. Karakteristik produk memiliki kadar air 1,148%, kadar abu 10,75%, kadar zat menguap 12,36%, nilai kalor 7.223,5 kal/g, lama penyalaan awal 1,83 detik, dan laju pembakaran 0,2369 mg/menit. Kelayakan ekonomi yang diperoleh BEP 9.221 kg/bulan, B/C Ratio 2,280, ROI 124,30%, dan PP 0,212 tahun. Analisis sensitivitas menghasilkan BEP 11.550-12.600 kg/bulan, B/C Ratio 1,6-1,8, ROI 63,80-78,70%, dan PP 0,304-0,466 tahun. Analisis nilai tambah dengan rasio nilai tambah 15,27% terkategori menengah.

The escalating usage of fossil fuels and the dwindling oil and gas reserves necessitated the development of renewable energy. Biomass from Indonesian oil palm waste showed potential for biobriquette production. The difficulty in initial ignition of biobriquettes motivated this research, which aimed to optimize biobriquette production from oil palm waste by adding pine resin as a binder and sulfur as an igniter for easier ignition. The study also analyzed the economic feasibility, sensitivity, and added value of the biobriquettes.

The research methodology involved creating an experimental design using the orthogonal array L9(3^4) based on the Taguchi method. This was followed by experimental execution and product characteristic testing according to SNI standards and standardized tests for six response factors. Experimental results and confirmation tests were analyzed using the Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Additionally, an economic feasibility analysis (BEP, B/C Ratio, ROI, PP), sensitivity analysis, and added value analysis were conducted. 

The optimal composition obtained was the concentration of 3 grams of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), 16 grams of palm kernel shells (PKS), 40% pine resin, and 20% sulfur. The product characteristics were 1.148% moisture content, 10.75% ash content, 12.36% volatile matter content, a calorific value of 7,223.5 cal/g, an initial ignition time of 1.83 seconds, and a burning rate of 0.2369 mg/minute. The economic feasibility analysis yielded a BEP of 9,221 kg/month, a B/C Ratio of 2.280, an ROI of 124.30%, and a PP of 0.212 years. The sensitivity analysis showed a BEP range of 11,550-12,600 kg/month, a B/C Ratio of 1.6-1.8, an ROI of 63.80-78.70%, and a PP range of 0.304-0.466 years. The added value analysis, with an added value ratio of 15.27%, was categorized as medium.

Kata Kunci : Biobriket, Biomassa, Kelayakan Ekonomi, Limbah Kelapa Sawit, Taguchi