Durabilitas Heat-Reflective Coatings Pada Berbagai Kondisi Permukaan Perkerasan Dengan Tipe Gradasi Dense Graded Untuk Mitigasi Urban Heat Island

Anandityo Rama Aji, Ir. Taqia Rahman, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Ir. Mukhammad Rizka Fahmi Amrozi, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Mag. S. & T.Transportasi

Fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI) merupakan masalah peningkatan suhu di perkotaan akibat penyerapan panas oleh infrastruktur, khususnya perkerasan jalan. Untuk mitigasi UHI, teknologi cool pavement yang menggunakan heat-reflective coatings (HRC) diusulkan karena kemampuannya memantulkan radiasi matahari dan menurunkan suhu permukaan. Namun, durabilitas HRC menjadi tantangan utama, terutama terhadap kondisi permukaan perkerasan yang bervariasi seperti penuaan, debu, dan kelembaban, yang dapat memengaruhi efisiensi pantulan dan kinerja pendinginan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi durabilitas HRC pada berbagai kondisi permukaan menggunakan  dry track abrasion test guna mendapatkan pemahaman komprehensif tentang kinerja jangka panjang HRC dan memberikan rekomendasi material serta metode aplikasi yang optimal. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi durabilitas heat-reflective coatings (HRC) pada perkerasan jalan dalam upaya mitigasi urban heat island. Metodologi melibatkan persiapan sampel hot mix asphalt (HMA) dalam berbagai kondisi (baru, stone worn, berdebu, basah), diikuti dengan aplikasi dan pengeringan HRC. Pengujian utama meliputi pengukuran kinerja pendinginan, ketahanan geser (skid resistance), dan abrasi (dry track abrasion) untuk memahami performa jangka panjang HRC.

Hasil penelitian s ebelum aplikasi heat-reflective coatings (HRC), hot mix asphalt (HMA) menunjukkan performa pendinginan yang buruk, dengan suhu puncak rata-rata mencapai 84.5?C. Setelah dilapisi HRC, kinerja pendinginan meningkat signifikan, di mana resin epoksi putih adalah yang terbaik dalam menurunkan suhu, diikuti oleh becool, resin epoksi hijau, dan emulsi akrilik hijau, dengan suhu maksimum setelah pelapisan berkisar antara 45?C–70?C. Namun, kondisi stone worn (terdegradasi) dan debu dapat mengurangi pelepasan panas dan meningkatkan suhu permukaan, sementara kondisi basah menyebabkan penurunan kapasitas pendinginan total HRC secara matematis. Dalam hal skid resistance, emulsi akrilik hijau menunjukkan performa terbaik dan paling konsisten di semua kondisi (baru, stone worn, berdebu, basah), dengan nilai BPT tinggi mencapai 67,7 (baru) hingga 73,5 (berdebu). Daya tahan HRC terhadap abrasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi permukaan HMA dan jenis pelapisnya; Resin Epoksi Putih (BR REP) menunjukkan performa abrasi terbaik pada permukaan baru dengan mass loss hanya 1,63% , dan pada kondisi stone worn (SW REP) dengan mass loss 0,93% , sedangkan becool dan emulsi akrilik hijau menunjukkan mass loss yang lebih tinggi (masing-masing 10,61?n 13,70%) pada permukaan baru, mengindikasikan masalah adhesi awal. Secara keseluruhan, resin epoksi putih dan resin epoksi hijau cenderung lebih stabil dalam performa abrasi, sementara becool dan emulsi akrilik hijau menunjukkan performa naik turun dalam kondisi ekstrem.

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, characterized by significant temperature increases in urban areas, is primarily caused by heat absorption by artificial infrastructures, especially pavements. To mitigate UHI, cool pavement technology utilizing heat-reflective coatings (HRC) is proposed due to its ability to reflect solar radiation and reduce surface temperatures. However, HRC durability poses a major challenge, particularly under various pavement surface conditions such as aging, dust, and moisture, which can affect reflection efficiency and cooling performance. This research aims to evaluate HRC durability under diverse surface conditions using the dry track abrasion Test to gain a comprehensive understanding of HRC's long-term performance and to recommend optimal materials and application methods. This study evaluates the durability of heat-reflective coatings (HRC) on pavement surfaces in an effort to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The methodology involves preparing hot mix asphalt (HMA) samples under various conditions (new, stone worn, dusty, wet), followed by HRC application and curing. Key tests include measuring cooling performance, skid resistance, and abrasion (dry track abrasion) to understand HRC's long-term performance.

Research results indicate that prior to HRC application, hot mix asphalt (HMA) exhibited poor cooling performance, with an average peak temperature of 84.5?C. After HRC application, cooling performance significantly improved. Under new conditions, white epoxy resin demonstrated the best performance in reducing temperature, followed by becool, green epoxy resin, and green acrylic emulsion. The maximum temperature achieved on the coated surface ranged between 45?C–70?C. However, aging and dust conditions could reduce HRC's ability to dissipate heat and increase surface temperatures, while wet conditions led to a mathematical reduction in HRC's total cooling capacity due to already lower peak temperatures. In terms of skid resistance, green acrylic emulsion showed the best and most consistent performance across all conditions (new, stone worn, dusty, wet), with high BPT values ranging from 67.7 (new) to 73.5 (dusty). White Epoxy Resin, however, tended to decrease BPT values. HRC's abrasion resistance was significantly influenced by the existing HMA surface condition and coating type. On new surfaces, white epoxy resin (BR REP) exhibited the best abrasion performance with a mass loss of only 1.63%, and stone worn conditions (AG REP) with a mass loss of 0.93%. Conversely, becool and green acrylic emulsion showed higher mass loss (10.61% and 13.70% respectively) on new surfaces, indicating initial adhesion issues. Overall, white epoxy resin and green epoxy resin tended to be more stable in abrasion performance, while becool and green acrylic emulsion displayed fluctuating performance under extreme conditions.

Kata Kunci : Urban Heat Island, Heat-Reflective Coatings, Cool Pavement, Kondisi stone worn, berdebu, basah, Cooling Performance, Skid Resistance, Dry Track Abrasion