Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Sebagai Iinsektisida Alami Terhadap Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)
Moudy Bella Ariska, Dr. Dra. Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti, B.Sc., DAP&E. M.Biomed.; Dr. Annisa Utami Rauf, S.Pd
2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Latar belakang: Lalat rumah (Musca domestica) merupakan vektor penyakit lingkungan yang masih umum dikendalikan dengan insektisida kimia, meskipun berisiko menyebabkan resistensi dan pencemaran. Sebagai alternatif, penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai insektisida hayati serta pengembangan produk cair berbasis air (BioFly). Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak dan daun jambu biji dalam membunuh lalat rumah serta mengembangkan formulasi produk cair berbasis air sebagai insektisida hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengkaji kestabilan fisik produk selama penyimpanan pada berbagai kondisi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental post-test only control group dengan lima konsentrasi (10–18%) dan kontrol negatif, masing-masing diulang empat kali. Uji dilakukan terhadap lalat rumah dewasa, dengan pengamatan pada menit ke- 30, 60, 90, dan 24 jam pascapaparan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Probit. Selain itu, uji kestabilan dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 3, dan 7 pada tiga kondisi penyimpanan (outdoor, indoor, refrigerator) berdasarkan kejernihan, warna, viskositas, dan bau. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak lebih toksik (LC50: 10,62%) dibanding daun jambu biji (LC50: 12,20%). Produk BioFly berhasil diformulasikan dan penyimpanan refrigerator menunjukkan kestabilan paling tinggi, namun penyimpanan indoor dinilai cukup layak di hari ke-3 hingga hari ke-5 untuk penggunaan praktis. Kesimpulan: Kedua ekstrak efektif sebagai insektisida hayati, dengan sirsak bekerja cepat dan jambu biji lebih stabil. Penyimpanan indoor direkomendasikan untuk penggunaan jangka pendek.
Background: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are vectors of environmental diseases that are still commonly controlled with chemical insecticides, despite the risk of causing resistance and pollution. As an alternative, this study examined the effectiveness of soursop (Annona muricata L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts as biological insecticides and the development of a water-based liquid product (BioFly). Objective: To determine the effectiveness of soursop and guava leaf extracts in killing houseflies and to develop a water-based liquid product formulation as an environmentally friendly biological insecticide. In addition, this study also examined the physical stability of the product during storage in various conditions. Methods: The study used a post-test only control group experimental design with five concentrations (10-18%) and a negative control, each repeated four times. The test was conducted on adult houseflies, with observations at 30, 60, 90, and 24 hours post- exposure. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Probit tests. In addition, stability tests were conducted on days 0, 3, and 7 under three storage conditions (outdoor, indoor, refrigerator) based on clarity, color, viscosity, and odor. Results: Results showed that soursop leaf extract was more toxic (LC50: 10.62%) than guava leaf (LC50: 12.20%). BioFly product was successfully formulated and refrigerator storage showed the highest stability, but indoor storage was considered feasible at day 3 to day 5 for practical use. Conclusion: Both extracts are effective as biological insecticides, with soursop being fast-acting and guava more stable. Indoor storage is recommended for short-term use.
Kata Kunci : Soursop leaf, Guava leaf, Musca domestica, Plant-based insecticide, LC50, Storage stability.
