Kajian residu antibiotik pada hati ayam di Kota Yogyakarta

ORAMAHI, Rukiah, Dr.drh. Doddi Yudhabuntara

2004 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi residu antibiotik pada hati ayam di kota Yogyakarta dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan 65 sampel hati ayam yang diambil secara random sederhana dan proporsional dari 6 pasar tradisional di kota Yogyakarta. Pemeriksaan sampel secara kualitatif dilakukan di Balai Besar Veteriner Wates. Sepuluh gram hati ayam ditambah duapuluh mililiter larutan dapar phospat pH 7,0 dihomogenisasi dan dipusing dengan kecepatan 3000 rpm selama 10 menit. Supematan diteteskan pada kertas cakram kemudian diletakkan di atas permukaan media agar yang telah dicampur biakan bakteri uji yaitu spora Bacillus calidolactis C-953 Nizo untuk golongan penisilin, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 untuk golongan makrolid, spora Bacillus subiilis ATCC 6633 untuk golongan aminoglikosid, spora Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 untuk golongan tetrasiklin, dan diinkubasi pada 30°C untuk golongan tetrasiklin dan 36'^C untuk golongan penisilin, makrolid dan aminoglikosid masing-masing selama 18 jam.Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali. Uji dinyatakan positif apabila terbentuk zona hambatan d isekitar kertas cakram minimal 2 mm. Faktor yang diteliti adalah jenis ayam asal hati, tempat pemotongan, asal hati ayam dan lokasi p^ar. Data dianalisis dengan Chi Square program Statistix version 4.0. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi residu antibiotik di Kota Yogyakarta adalah 29,23% golongan penisilin, 36,92% golongan makrolid, 1,54% golongan aminoglikosid dan 26,15% golongan tetrasiklin. Uji menunjukkan bahwa variabel jenis ayam asal hati memberikan perbedaan frekuensi pada residu antibiotik golongan penisilin (x^=6,16, P=0,0460) dan golongan makrolid (x^ =8,47, P=0,0144), dan variabel lokasi pasar memberikan perbedaan frekuensi pada residu antibiotik golongan penisilin (x =11,28, P=0,0461). Variabel tempat pemotongan dan asal hati ayam tidak memberikan perbedaan frekuensi yang bermakna.

The objectives of this study was to reveal the prevalence of antibiotics residues, namely penicilline, macrolide, aminoglycoside and telracyciine groups, in the liver of chickens sold in traditional markets in the city of Yogyakarta. A total of 65 liver samples were taken proportionally by means of simple random sampling from 6 traditional markets in the city. The samples were qualitatively examined in the Disease Investigation Center in Wates, Yogyakarta. An amount of 10 g chicken liver were homogenized in 20 ml of phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.0 and centrifuged for 10 minutes in 3000 rpm. The supernatant was dropped into a paper disk and put on agar mixed with corresponding bacterial culture. For penicilline. Bacillus calidolactis (C-953 Nizo) was used and respectively, hdicrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) were used for macrolide, aminoglycoside, and tetracycline. Incubation of 18 hours were performed in 30 C for tetracycline and 36*'C for the other antibiotics. An inhibition zone of minimum of 2 mm indicated the existence of respective antibiotics in the disk. Factors studied included the breed of the chickens (broilers, culled layers and native chickens), slaughter facilities, the origin of the chickens and the location of the market. The result showed that the prevalence of the antibiotic residues in the city of Yogyakarta was respectively 29,23 % for penicillin, 36,92% for macrolide, 1.54% for aminoglycoside, and 26.15% for tetracycline. The chi-square (x^) test showed that the variable of species give a significant difference frequency of the antibiotic residue of penicillin (x' = 6.16, P=0.0460) and macrolide (x^ = 8.47, P=0.0144). Meanwhile the variable of market location give a significant difference frequency of the antibiotic residue of penicillin (x^ =11.28, P=0.0461). The variable of slaughtering house, and the chicken liver source didn't give significant difference frequency, indicated by P>0.05 and smaller value for the chi-square (x )•

Kata Kunci : Ayam Potong,Hati,Residu Antibiotik