Apakah Sosialisme Tiongkok Masih Sosialis?: Uji Kongruensi Teori Tahap Pertama Sosialisme dengan Materialisme Historis Karl Marx
Gregorius Nugroho Arimurti, Drs. Agus Wahyudi, M.Si., M.A., Ph.D.; Rangga Kala Mahaswa, S.Fil., M.Phil.
2025 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT
The theory of Primary Stage of Socialism is a subtheory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics which analyzes China’s historical position. The theory determined that China is experiencing “the primary stage of socialism,” a distinct historical phase characterized by the implementation of socialism and the underdevelopment of productive forces. The theory’s analysis became the foundation for the economic and political reforms in China during Deng Xiaoping’s leadership. However, these reforms ultimately resulted in a new political economy system in China that possesses capitalist characteristics. This issue prompted the researcher to analyze the congruence between the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism and Karl Marx’s Historical Materialism. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine whether the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism is congruent with the premise of Karl Marx’s Historical Materialism or not.
This research employs a qualitative-comparative approach and uses the reflective equilibrium method. Based on that method, the researcher contrasts the basic assumptions—in both the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism and the historical record of the development of socialism under Mao and Deng—with the premise of Historical Materialism. The objects of the contrast are taken from the primary sources on the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism and Historical Materialism, supplemented by related secondary sources.
This research led to three conclusions. First, the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism is congruent with the premise of Historical Materialism in the theoretical realm. Second, the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism is incongruent with the premise of Historical Materialism in the realm of praxis. Third, the theory of Primary Stage of Socialism influenced the formation of China’s political economic landscape, which is more inclined towards state capitalism than socialism.
Kata Kunci : Sosialisme Tiongkok, Tahap Pertama Sosialisme, Sosialisme, Materialisme Historis, Karl Marx