Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Etis Ahli Gizi sebagai Athlete Support Personnel (ASP) terhadap Aturan Anti-Doping di Indonesia

Vigur Dinda Yulia Reswati, Dr. Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis Penggalih, S.Gz., MPH., Dietisien; Dr. Supriyati, S.Sos., M.Kes

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Doping merupakan pelanggaran terhadap etika dan regulasi olahraga yang membahayakan kesehatan atlet serta merusak integritas kompetisi. Sebagai bagian dari ASP, ahli gizi memiliki peran strategis dalam mencegah doping melalui pengawasan asupan gizi dan edukasi terkait penggunaan suplemen. Meskipun demikian, kajian mengenai kompetensi ahli gizi dalam isu anti-doping, khususnya di Indonesia, masih sangat terbatas.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku etis ahli gizi sebagai ASP terhadap aturan anti-doping di Indonesia, serta menganalisis hubungan antar ketiga aspek tersebut.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan secara daring selama periode Maret hingga Juni 2025 dengan subjeknya adalah ahli gizi di Indonesia. Sebanyak 192 responden berpartisipasi dengan tingkat respons sebesar 67,7%. Partisipan dipilih melalui teknik total sampling dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu berlatar belakang pendidikan gizi, pernah mengikuti pelatihan gizi olahraga, dan memiliki pengalaman mendampingi atlet.

Hasil: Rerata skor pengetahuan responden adalah 16,4 dari 22 (74,5%), dengan mayoritas berada pada kategori tinggi (50%) dan sedang (44,6%). Skor sikap (PEAS) rata-rata sebesar 43,2 ± 9,54, dengan 96,9% menunjukkan sikap negatif terhadap doping. Skor perilaku etis rata-rata 81,9 ± 6,48, dengan 63,1% responden tergolong cukup etis. Uji Spearman menunjukkan pengetahuan berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan sikap (? = –0,367; p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar ahli gizi memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi dan sikap negatif terhadap doping, namun perilaku etis mereka masih tergolong sedang. Pengetahuan berkontribusi positif terhadap sikap dan perilaku etis, dengan sikap sebagai mediator signifikan. Karakteristik responden umumnya tidak berpengaruh signifikan, kecuali provinsi asal terhadap perilaku etis, serta pengalaman menerima pertanyaan doping dari atlet yang berpengaruh terhadap seluruh skor utama.

Background: Doping violates sports ethics and regulations, endangers athlete health, and compromises fair competition. Nutritionists, as part of ASP play a critical role in preventing doping through nutritional guidance and supplement education. However, their anti-doping competencies, especially in Indonesia, remain underexplored.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and ethical behavior of nutritionists as ASP regarding anti-doping regulations in Indonesia, and examine the relationships among these variables.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online from March to June 2025. A total of 192 Indonesian sports nutritionists participated (response rate: 67.7%), using total sampling. Inclusion criteria included a background in nutrition, prior sports nutrition training, and experience supporting athletes.

Results: The mean knowledge score was 16.4/22 (74.5%), with most respondents categorized as high or moderate. The average PEAS score was 43.2 (SD±9.54), with 96.9% showing negative attitudes toward doping. Ethical behavior scores averaged 81.9 (SD±6.48), with 63.1% in the “moderately ethical” category. Knowledge correlated negatively with permissive attitudes (?= –0.367) and positively with ethical behavior (? = 0.361). Attitude was negatively associated with ethical behavior (?= –0.209). Regression models showed knowledge positively predicted ethical behavior (? = 0.549), while attitude had a negative effect (?= –0.191). SEM analysis confirmed that knowledge had a negative effect on attitude (?= –1.167) and a positive effect on ethical behavior (? = 0.549), with an indirect mediating effect through attitude (indirect effect= 0.223).

Conclusion: Most nutritionists demonstrated high levels of knowledge and negative attitudes toward doping; however, their ethical behavior remained at a moderate level. Knowledge contributed positively to both attitude and ethical behavior, with attitude serving as a significant mediator. Respondent characteristics generally showed no significant influence, except for province of origin on ethical behavior, and prior experience receiving doping-related questions from athletes, which was associated with all key variables. These findings highlight the importance of value-based ethics education to strengthen ethical practice among nutritionists as ASP.

Kata Kunci : Anti-doping, Ahli gizi, Athlete Support Personnel (ASP), Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku etis, Indonesia