Strategi Perhimpunan Petani Nelayan Rawa Pening dalam Mengelola Civil Resistance Terhadap Kebijakan Revitalisasi Danau Rawa Pening

Khan Muhammad Haikal, Dr. Subando Agus Margono

2025 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Civil resistance dianggap lebih efektif dibandingkan perlawanan bersenjata, namun gerakan ini tetap menghadapi banyak tantangan, baik dari eksternal maupun internal. Civil resistance terhadap kebijakan revitalisasi Danau Rawa Pening merepresentasikan bentuk perlawanan kolektif masyarakat terhadap ancaman terhadap ruang hidup, lahan pertanian, dan hak atas tanah mereka. Meskipun lebih efektif dari perlawanan bersenjata, namun gerakan civil resistance tetap menghadapi tantangan. Dalam kasus revitalisasi Danau Rawa Pening, ketidakpuasan terhadap Forum Petani Rawa Pening Bersatu (FPRPB) mendorong lahirnya Perhimpunan Petani Nelayan Rawa Pening (Perpennera) sebagai bentuk baru resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis strategi Perpennera dalam mengelola resistensi masyarakat terhadap kebijakan tersebut sehingga dapat mempertahankan gerakan resistensi secara kolektif, non-kekerasan, dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Data dikumpulkan dari aktor-aktor kunci dalam gerakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Perpennera mengelola resistensi melalui konsolidasi komunitas, pemanfaatan narasi ketidakadilan, strategi organisasi yang desentralistik, serta membangun jaringan dukungan eksternal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan Perpennera dalam mempertahankan resistensi masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi antara taktik resistensi non-kekerasan, kapasitas pengelolaan konflik internal, dan kemampuan membangun legitimasi gerakan di tengah represi negara dan tekanan sosial.

Civil resistance is considered more effective than armed struggle; however, this form of movement continues to face numerous challenges, both external and internal. Civil resistance against the Rawa Pening Lake revitalization policy represents a collective form of community opposition to threats against their living space, agricultural land, and land rights. Although deemed more effective than armed resistance, civil resistance movements still encounter significant obstacles. In the case of the Rawa Pening revitalization, dissatisfaction with the Forum Petani Rawa Pening Bersatu (FPRPB) led to the emergence of the Perhimpunan Petani Nelayan Rawa Pening (Perpennera) as a new form of resistance. This study aims to explore and analyze the strategies employed by Perpennera in managing community resistance to the policy, with the goal of sustaining a collective, non-violent, and enduring resistance movement. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis as data collection methods. Data were gathered from key actors within the movement. The findings indicate that Perpennera manages resistance through community consolidation, the use of injustice narratives, decentralized organizational strategies, and the development of external support networks. The study concludes that Perpennera’s success in sustaining community resistance is influenced by a combination of non-violent resistance tactics, internal conflict management capacity, and the ability to build the movement’s legitimacy amid state repression and social pressures.

Kata Kunci : civil resistance, Perpennera, Rawa Pening, social movement strategies, revitalization