Pemanfaatan limbah padat penyulingan minyak nilam sebagai briket untuk bahan bakar alternatif

SUPRAPTO, Setyono Hadi, Dr.Ing.Ir. Harwin Saptoadi, MSE

2004 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin (Magister Sistem Teknik)

Minyak nilam diperoleh dari penyulingan tanaman nilam, dari penyulingan minyak nilam hanya 2 – 5% kandungan minyak yang terambil dari bahan baku, sedang selebihnya sekitar 95 – 98% merupakan limbah padat. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan mengenai hasil penelitian pembuatan briket arang yang terbuat dari limbah penyulingan nilam. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah arang dari batang/ranting nilam (100%), kemudian perbandingan antara arang batang/ranting dan arang daun ( 75% dan 25%, 50% dan 50%), serta campuran arang (batang/ranting dan daun) yang diambil dari tempat penyulingan. Proses pembuatannya adalah pertama limbah batang/ranting di karbonisasi pada kiln dan retort sampai menjadi arang demikian juga dengan limbah daun maupun limbah campuran batan/ranting dan daun. Kemudian hasil dari karbonisasi tersebut dicampur dengan tepung pati/kanji yang sebelumnya dicampur air dan dipanaskan dalam api kecil sehingga menyerupai pasta yang digunakan sebagai bahan perekat dengan perbandingan 10 kg arang : 1 kg pati/kanji : 1 kg air, dan di kempa/pres menggunakan pres berulir sampai menjadi briket. Selanjutnya briket diuji sifat fisik dan kimianya seperti : kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter, kadar karbon terikat, kerapatan, dan nilai kalor, serta pembakaran briket pada Combustion Apparatus untuk mengetahui karakteristik briket. Dari penelitian ini proses oven dan retort, retort dapat menampung masingmasing untuk limbah batang/ranting sebanyak 2050 gram, untuk limbah daun sebanyak 3000 gram, dan untuk limbah campuran batang/ranting dan daun sebanyak 2300 gram. Menggunakan bahan bakar berasal dari limbah penyulingan nilam sebanyak masing-masing 7400 gram, dalam proses karbonisasi menghasilkan arang untuk batang/ranting 709 gram, arang daun 1654 gram dan arang campuran batang/ranting 964 gram. Hasil pengujian briket menunjukan bahwa perlakuan arang batang/ranting 100% pada umumnya menghasilkan sifat fisik dan kimia yang lebih baik dari perlakuan yang lainnya, dimana besarnya masing-masing sebagai berikut: Kadar air 7,09%; kadar abu 24,41%; volatile matter 37,52%; kadar karbon terikat (fixed carbon) 30,99%; kerapatan 0,82 g/cm3; dan nilai kalor 5810,89 kal/g.

The patchouli oil was the result of the patchouli plants distillation, from that distillation 2-5 % of the oil content was taken from the raw material, whereas the rest of them 95-98% was the solid waste. In this writing, it explained about the result of the study of charcoal briquet which made from the waste of the patchouli distillation. The treatment which was used is the charcoal from the patchouli trunks/branches was (100 %), the ratio between the branches, charcoal, and leaves was (75% and 25%, 50% and 50 %), and the charcoal mixture (trunks/branches) was taken from the distillation. The production processes are first, the waste of the trunks/branches was carbonized in kiln and retort until it changed into charcoal as well as leaves waste or the mixture of trunks/branches and leaves wastes. The result of this carbonization, then, was mixed with the starch powder which was given the water and heat first by using a small fire until it changed into a paste that later it could become a glue with the ratio of charcoal 10 kg: starch powder 1 kg: water 1 kg, and then it was pressed by using a screw press until it changed into the briquet. Next, that briquet was tested its physical and chemical characteristics such as: moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, carbon content, density, and the heating value, and also the briquet kiln of Combustion Apparatus in order to know the characteristics of that briquet. Based on this research of oven and retort process, retort could hold the trunks/branches waste as much as 2050 gram, leaves waste 3000 gram, and mixture waste of trunks/branches and leaves 2300 gram. By using the fuel that was taken from the waste of the patchouli distillation as much as 7400 gram, the carbonation process could produce charcoals. They are trunks/branches charcoal 709 gram, leaves charcoal 1654 gram, and mixture charcoal of trunks/branches 964 gram. The result of this briquet research showed that generally the treatment towards trunks/branches of 100% could produce the physical and chemical characteristics which is better than the other treatments. They are: moisture content 7.09 %; ash content 24.41%, volatile matter 37.52%; fixed carbon 30.99%; density 0. 816 g/cm; and heating value 5810.89 kal/g.

Kata Kunci : Teknik Mesin,Penyulingan Minyak Nilam,Limbah Padat,Bahan Bakar Alternatif,Briket, Patchouli distillation, kiln and retort, charcoal, and briquet