ANALISIS KEPEMILIKAN TERNAK SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENENTU POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN DAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

Ceria Permata Sari, Tony Arjuna, S.Gz., M.Nut.Diet., AN., APD., Ph.D ; Dr. dr. Emy Huriyati, M.Kes.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Stunting menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Indonesia, terutama di daerah pedesaan, termasuk Kabupaten Wonosobo yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi, yaitu 29,2% pada tahun 2023. Kepemilikan ternak dianggap berpotensi meningkatkan asupan pangan hewani, namun juga berisiko terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan kepemilikan ternak dengan pola pemberian makan dan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6–18 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder dari penelitian utama. Sampel terdiri dari balita usia 6–18 bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kepemilikan ternak dihitung menggunakan Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), termasuk ikan sebagai bagian dari unit ternak. Pola pemberian makan diukur dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), sementara status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan indeks TB/U. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Kepemilikan ternak berhubungan signifikan dengan pola pemberian makan (OR = 4,76; 95% CI: 1,73–13,1; p = 0,002) dan kejadian stunting (OR = 3,38; 95% CI: 1,04–10,9; p = 0,037). Balita dari keluarga pemilik ikan memiliki peluang lebih tinggi mendapat pola makan yang baik (p = 0,001), sedangkan kepemilikan sapi dan ayam meningkatkan risiko stunting. Kesimpulan: Kepemilikan ternak sebagai sumber pangan dan faktor risiko kesehatan bergantung pada jenis dan pengelolaannya. Intervensi pencegahan stunting harus mempertimbangkan pendekatan lintas sektor, termasuk edukasi sanitasi dan prinsip One Health.

Background: Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Wonosobo Regency, which reported a high prevalence of 29.2% in 2023. Livestock ownership is considered to potentially increase the intake of animal-source foods, but it may also pose risks to environmental health. This study aims to analyze the association between livestock ownership, child feeding practices, and stunting among children aged 6–18 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a parent study. The sample included children aged 6–18 months who met the inclusion criteria. Livestock ownership was quantified using the Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), including fish as part of the livestock unit. Feeding practices were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and nutritional status was determined using the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) index. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square tests and logistic regression. Results: Livestock ownership was significantly associated with feeding practices (OR = 4.76; 95% CI: 1.73–13.1; p = 0.002) and the incidence of stunting (OR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.04–10.9; p = 0.037). Children in households that owned fish were more likely to have adequate feeding practices (p = 0.001), while ownership of cattle and poultry was associated with increased risk of stunting. Conclusion: Livestock ownership may function as both a nutritional asset and a health risk, depending on the type of livestock and household management practices. Stunting prevention strategies should integrate multisectoral interventions, including hygiene education and the One Health approach. 

Kata Kunci : Balita, Kepemilikan Ternak, Pola Pemberian Makan, Stunting