Evaluasi Program Penurunan Stunting di Kota Magelang Tahun 2023: Penelitian Mixed Methods

Rahmalina, Dr. dr. Eugenius Phyowai Ganap, Sp.O.G. Subsp.Obginsos; Dr. dr. Ratnasari Dwi Cahyanti, M.Si.Med, Sp.O.G., Subsp.Obginsos; Dr. dr. Supriyadi Hari Respati, Sp.O.G, Subsp. Obginsos

2025 | Tesis-Subspesialis | SUBSPESIALIS OBSTETRI DAN GINEKOLOGI

Latar belakang: Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia diatas 20?ri ketetapan World Health Organization. Strategi Nasional yaitu program percepatan penurunan stunting (PPS) dilakukan dari pusat sampai daerah termasuk Kota Magelang yang mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,6% tahun 2021-2022 dan namun evaluasi secara komprehensif belum pernah dilakukan.

Tujuan: Secara kuantitatif, untuk mengetahui persentase target capaian dan secara kualitatif, mengetahui pelaksanaan program intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif di bidang Obstetri dan Ginekologi Sosial di Kota Magelang tahun 2023.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods dengan pendekatan concurrent triangulation dan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner target capaian standar nasional dan karakteristik responden dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan teknik In-depth Interview dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In-depth interview dilakukan pada pelaksana program ditingkat Dinas dan tokoh kunci Tim PPS Kota Magelang. FGD dilakukan terhadap bidan koordinator, kader Puskesmas dan penerima manfaat. Wawancara mendalam dan FGD direkam dengan alat perekam suara, ditranskripsikan secara manual, dikategorikan sesuai framework Donabedian yaitu input, proses dan output. Data kuantitatif dan kualitatif digabungkan, dianalisis melalui triangulasi, kemudian diinterpretasikan.

Hasil: Program pemberian makanan tambahan pada ibu hamil kekurangan energi kronis dan Pemberian 90 tablet tambah darah pada ibu hamil sudah efektif ditinjau dari kuantitas dan kualitas. Program lainnya yaitu  program Pemberian TTD pada remaja putri, ASI eksklusif, Pelayanan keluarga berencana pasca persalinan, Penanganan kehamilan tidak diinginkan dan Pelayanan kesehatan bagi calon pengantin perlu untuk dilakukan evaluasi lanjut. Dari empat program tersebut saran prioritas untuk dilakukan perbaikan kualitas program  yaitu program pemberian TTD pada Remaja Putri disebabkan akan memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap penurunan stunting dengan memperkuat regulasi, SOP dan edukasi kesehatan.

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is above 20% of the World Health Organization's determination. The National Strategy, namely the accelerated stunting reduction program (PPS), is carried out from the center to the regions, including Magelang City, which has increased by 0.6% in 2021-2022. Still, a comprehensive evaluation has never been carried out.

Objective: Quantitatively, to know the percentage of target achievement, and qualitatively, to see the implementation of specific and sensitive nutrition intervention programs in Social Obstetrics and Gynecology in Magelang City in 2023.

Methods: This study used mixed methods with a concurrent triangulation approach and a purposive sampling technique. Quantitative research using the national standard achievement target questionnaire and respondent characteristics were analyzed descriptively in tabular form. Qualitative research was conducted using in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) techniques. In-depth interviews were conducted with program implementers at the Dinas level and key figures of the Magelang city PPS team. FGDs were conducted with midwife coordinators, Puskesmas cadres, and beneficiaries. In-depth interviews and FGDs were recorded with a voice recorder, transcribed manually, and categorized according to the Donabedian framework, namely inputs, processes, and outputs. Quantitative and qualitative data were combined, analyzed through triangulation, and then interpreted.

Results: The programs providing supplementary food to chronically energy-deficient pregnant women and supplying 90 blood supplement tablets to pregnant women are effective in terms of quantity and quality. Other programs, namely the TTD program for adolescent girls, exclusive breastfeeding, postpartum family planning services, handling unwanted pregnancies, and health services for prospective brides, need further evaluation. Of the four programs, the priority suggestion for improving program quality is the TTD program for adolescent girls because it will have a significant impact on reducing stunting by strengthening regulations, SOP, and health education.

Kata Kunci : stunting, program evaluation, specific and sensitive nutrition interventions