Preparasi Katalis Bimetal NiMo/Karbon Aktif dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonik untuk Konversi Minyak Sawit Olahan menjadi Bio-Jet Fuel

Arifa Yuliyana, Prof. Dr. Triyono, S.U. ; Prof. Dra. Wega trisunaryanti, M.S., Ph.D., Eng.

2025 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Preparasi katalis NiMo/Karbon aktif (NiMo/KA) dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik untuk konversi minyak sawit olahan (shortening) menjadi bio-jet fuel telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh gelombang ultrasonik terhadap karakter dan aktivitas katalitik dalam proses hydrotreating. Preparasi katalis NiMo/KA dilakukan impregnasi logam Ni dan Mo kemudian disonikasi dan dikalsinasi serta reduksi dengan gas N₂ dan H₂ selama 3 jam berturut-turut pada suhu 500 °C. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan XRD, FTIR, SAA, NH3-TPD, XPS, dan SEM EDX-Mapping. Uji aktivitas katalitik dilakukan pada proses hydrotreating dan uji reusability dilakukan dengan konfigurasi susun tunggal ganda pada reaktor semi-batch. Proses hydrotreating dilakukan pada temperatur 400-550 °C dengan laju alir H₂ 20mL/menit selama 3 jam. Hasil hydrotreating didistilasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan FTIR, GC-MS, dan uji standar ASTM.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter dari katalis NiMo/KA memiliki kristalinitas sebesar 32,54%, luas permukaan spesifik sebesar 835,6 m2 g ^-1, volume pori total sebesar 0.5501 cm3 g^-1, rerata diameter pori sebesar 4.140 nm dengan kandungan logam Ni 14,03%, keasaman total sebesar 2.076 mmol g^-1 dan bilangan oksida Ni dan Mo masing masing +2 dan +4. Nikel terdeteksi dalam bentuk Ni dan NiO, sedangkan molibdenum terdeteksi dalam bentuk Mo dan MoO₂. Katalis NiMo/KA susun ganda memiliki performa yang menjanjikan setelah dilakukan uji reusability sebanyak tiga kali menghasilkan selektivitas dan yield yang diperoleh pada uji ke dua sebesar 80,05?n 47,89%. Hasil distilasi fraksi bio-jet fuel memiliki titik beku -53,88°C, densitas relatif sebesar 0,78 g/cm³, dan viskotas sebesar 1,77 mm²/s yang telah memenuhi standar ASTM.

The preparation of NiMo/Activated Carbon (NiMo/AC) catalyst assisted by ultrasonic waves for the conversion of processed palm oil (shortening) into bio-jet fuel has been carried out. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic waves on the characteristics and catalytic activity in the hydrotreating process. The NiMo/AC catalyst was prepared by impregnating Ni and Mo metals, followed by sonication, calcination, and reduction using N? and H? gases. Characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, SAA, NH?-TPD, XPS, and SEM EDX-Mapping. The catalytic activity test was conducted through the hydrotreating process, while the reusability test was performed using single and double-bed configurations in a semi-batch reactor. The hydrotreating products were distilled and analyzed using FTIR, GC-MS, and ASTM standard tests.

The results showed that the NiMo/AC catalyst exhibited a crystallinity of 32.54%, a specific surface area of 835.6 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.5501 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 4.140 nm, with Ni metal content of 14.03%. The total acidity was 2.076 mmol/g, and the oxidation states of Ni and Mo were +2 and +4, respectively. Nickel was detected in the form of Ni and NiO, while molybdenum was detected as Mo and MoO?. The double-bed NiMo/AC catalyst demonstrated promising performance after three reusability tests, achieving selectivity and yield of 80.05% and 47.89% in the second test. The distilled bio-jet fuel fraction exhibited a freezing point of -53.88 °C, a relative density of 0.78 g/cm³, and a viscosity of 1.77 mm²/s, meeting the ASTM standards.

Kata Kunci : bio-jet fuel, hydrotreating, karbon aktif, mentega putih