PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM KEGIATAN POSYANDU: STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN BIAU KABUPATEN BUOL PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

Sulastri, Dr. Supriyati, S.Sos, M.Kes;Dr. Fitrina M Kusumaningrum, SKM, MPH

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Posyandu Balita adalah program kesehatan berbasis komunitas yang bertujuan meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Namun, minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan Posyandu di Kecamatan Biau, Kabupaten Buol Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah, menghambat perannya sebagai sarana pemberdayaan masyarakat.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi proses partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan Posyandu di Kecamatan Biau Kabupaten Buol Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT), observasi, dan tinjauan dokumen. Informan berjumlah 19 orang yerdiri dari kader Posyandu 3 orang, ibu balita 12 orang, bidan wilayah, pengurus PKK, pejabat kelurahan, dan tokoh masyarakat masing-masing 1 orang. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber data dan member checking. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan tematik.

Hasil: Partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan Posyandu dimulai dari keterlibatan masyarakat mendapatkan informasi Posyandu melalui media sosial, kunjungan rumah oleh kader dan tokoh masyarakat di tempat keramaian. Edukasi terkait kesehatan masih terbatas pada hari pelaksanaan Posyandu dan kunjungan rumah, sementara keterlibatan masyarakat dalam perencanaan cenderung bersifat simbolis karena minimnya forum musyawarah dan dominasi pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak puskesmas dan pihak kelurahan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan didominasi oleh kader dan tenaga kesehatan, sedangkan ibu balita dan ibu hamil hanya sebagai penerima layanan. Pemantauan dilakukan oleh kader, puskesmas, dan tokoh masyarakat, namun lebih bersifat administratif dalam bentuk laporan posyandu. Dampak pemberdayaan terlihat dari upaya keberlangsungan Posyandu yang dilakukan oleh kader dan kontribusi masyarakat, meskipun sebagian masyarakat masih menganggap Posyandu milik pemerintah.

Kesimpulan: Partisipasi masyarakat dalam Posyandu didominasi oleh kader, sementara ibu balita dan ibu hamil cenderung hanya sebagai penerima layanan. Perencanaan dan pemantauan masih bersifat simbolis dan top-down. Rasa kepemilikan mulai tumbuh, namun belum merata karena sebagian masyarakat masih memandang Posyandu hanya sebagai program pemerintah.

Background: Posyandu for children under five is a community-based health program aimed at improving maternal and child health. However, the limited participation of the community in the planning and implementation of Posyandu activities in Biau District, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, hinders its role as a tool for community empowerment.
Objective: This study aims to explore the process of community participation in Posyandu activities in Biau Subdistrict, Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi Province.
Methods: This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), observations, and document reviews. The informants included 19 individuals: Posyandu cadres, mothers with children under five, midwives, PKK leaders, village officials, and community leaders. Data validity was ensured through data triangulation and member checking. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Result: Community participation in Posyandu activities begins with community involvement in obtaining Posyandu information through social media and home visits by cadres and community leaders in crowded places. Health-related education is still limited to the day of Posyandu implementation and home visits. At the same time, community involvement in planning tends to be symbolic due to the lack of deliberation forums and the dominance of decision-making by the puskesmas and kelurahan. Implementation of activities is dominated by cadres and health workers, while mothers under five and pregnant women are the only recipients of services. Monitoring is carried out by cadres, puskesmas, and community leaders, but is more administrative in the form of posyandu reports. The impact of empowerment can be seen from the sustainability of Posyandu efforts carried out by cadres and community contributions, although some communities still perceive Posyandu as a government-owned program.
Conclusion: Community participation in Posyandu is dominated by cadres, while mothers of children under five and pregnant women tend to be mere recipients of services. Planning and monitoring are still symbolic and top-down. A sense of ownership has begun to grow, but it is uneven as some communities still see Posyandu only as a government program.

Kata Kunci : Posyandu, Community Participation, Maternal and Child Health