Pengaruh Sosial-Ekonomi, Kepemilikan Lahan, dan Kepemilikan Aset terhadap Kerawanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani di Kalurahan Songbanyu, Kapanewon Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Desita Milasari, Amesta Kartika Ramadhani, S.T., M.P.W.K.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KEWILAYAHAN

Kerawanan pangan masih menjadi permasalahan strategis dalam pembangunan perdesaan, terutama pada wilayah marginal seperti kawasan karst Gunungsewu. Kalurahan Songbanyu tergolong dalam wilayah yang masuk dalam prioritas 2 pada peta kerentanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosial-ekonomi, kepemilikan lahan, dan kepemilikan aset terhadap kerawanan pangan rumah tangga petani di Kalurahan Songbanyu, Kapanewon Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi logit ordinal. Pengukuran kerawanan pangan menggunakan skala Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) yang dikembangkan oleh Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Populasi penelitian ini adalah rumah tangga petani di Kalurahan Songbanyu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial-ekonomi, kepemilikan lahan dan aset memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Variabel yang meningkatkan kerawanan pangan meliputi usia kepala rumah tangga dengan usia 35-59 tahun, jenis kepemilikan lahan hak sakap/bagi hasil dan hak sewa, dan luas lahan sempit (<0>

Food insecurity remains a strategic issue in rural development, particularly in marginal areas such as the Gunungsewu karst region. The village of Songbanyu is classified as a priority 2 area on the food vulnerability map. This study aims to analyze the influence of socio-economic factors and land ownership on household food insecurity among farmers in Songbanyu Village, Girisubo Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency. The method used is quantitative with an ordinal logit regression approach. Food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The study population consisted of farming households in Songbanyu Village. The analysis results showed that socio-economic factors, land ownership, and asset ownership had a significant influence. Variables that increase food insecurity include the age of the household head (35–59 years old), land ownership types (sharecropping/profit-sharing and leasehold), and small (less than 0.50 ha) and medium (0.50–0.99 ha) land areas. Higher education levels, increased income, high total crop production, and livestock ownership significantly reduce the risk of food insecurity. Additionally, the number of household members, food and non-food expenditures, and access to credit do not have a significant impact. The majority of food insecurity levels in Songbanyu Village fall into the Mild Food Insecurity category with 31 households and Moderate with 35 households, while 13 households are Food Secure and 10 households experience Severe Food Insecurity.

Kata Kunci : Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), Kerawanan Pangan, Lahan Kering, Regresi Logit Ordinal, Rumah Tangga Petani / Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), food insecurity, dry land, ordinal logit regression, farming households