Analisis Multivariat GC-MS, Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit Tiga Spesies Jeruk Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis

Nur Azis, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Nurul Hidayat Aprilita, S.Si., M.Si. ; Yusuf Andriana, S.TP., M.Si., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan berbagai metode pada kulit tiga spesies jeruk. Selain itu, juga untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh senyawa metabolit sekunder terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi dan ekstraksi kulit jeruk. Hasil ekstrak kemudian dilakukan pengujian total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), dan antioksidan (DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP). Selain itu, juga dilakukan karakterisasi sampel menggunakan instrumen FTIR dan GC-MS. Data hasil pengujian kemudian dianalisis statistik.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil TPC pada kulit jeruk limau, nipis, dan santang berturut-turut 20,93 ± 1,70; 15,16 ± 1,47; dan 12,91 ± 0,34 mg GAE/g, sedangkan TFC berturut-turut yaitu 12,02 ± 0,62; 6,04 ± 0,24; dan 3,31 ± 0,20 mg QE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dalam IC50 pada kulit jeruk limau, nipis, dan santang yaitu 189,87 ± 9,89; 1232,33 ± 28,0; dan 570,10 ± 17,64 ppm. Aktivitas ABTS ekuivalen trolox yaitu 45,43 ± 0,16; 41,45 ± 0,96; dan 45,00 ± 0,51 mg TEAC/g. Aktivitas FRAP sebesar 97,36 ± 12,74; 40,10 ± 1,80; dan 37,91 ± 1,51 mg TEAC/g. Hasil data kemudian diolah statistik dengan Anova dan diperoleh angka signifikansi p < 0>Principle Component (PC) pada PCA dengan total PC 92,3 ?n diperoleh hasil senyawa yang paling berpengaruh pada antioksidan selain TPC dan TFC yaitu ?-Sinensal, Citronellol, dan (R)-(+)-citronellal.

This study was conducted to determine secondary metabolite compounds and antioxidant activities using various methods in the peels of three citrus species. In addition, it also aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary metabolite compounds on antioxidant activities. The study began with the preparation and extraction of citrus peels. The resulting extracts were tested for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Furthermore, sample characterization was performed using FTIR and GC-MS instruments. The resulting data were then statistically analyzed.

Based on the research findings, the TPC values of Citrus amblycarpa, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus reticulata peels were 20.93 ± 1.70; 15.16 ± 1.47; and 12.91 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the TFC values were 12.02 ± 0.62; 6.04 ± 0.24; and 3.31 ± 0.20 mg QE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH method in terms of IC50 was 189.87 ± 9.89; 1232.33 ± 28.0; and 570.10 ± 17.6 ppm, respectively. The ABTS activity expressed as trolox equivalent was 45.43 ± 0.16; 41.45 ± 0.96; and 45.00 ± 0.51 mg TEAC/g, while FRAP activity was 97.36 ± 12.74; 40.10 ± 1.80; and 37.91 ± 1.51 mg TEAC/g, respectively. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed significant differences among samples (p < 0>

Kata Kunci : kulit jeruk, senyawa metabolit sekunder, antioksidan, principal component analysis