Analisis Karakteristik Fisik dan Pola Pemanfaatan Lereng Antropogenik terhadap Stabilitas Agregat dan Erodibilitas Tanah di Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo

Fara Shafa Salsabilla, Dr.rer.nat Muhammad Anggri Setiawan, M.Si.

2025 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Penggal lereng dari Gunung Api Dieng bagian utara sudah mengalami pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik berupa pembuatan teras dan pengalihfungsian hutan lindung menjadi lahan pertanian kentang secara intensif di lereng curam sehingga berdampak terhadap penurunan kualitas tanah. Pesatnya perkembangan pertanian kentang di Kecamatan Kejajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo, menimbulkan permasalahan berupa degradasi lahan. Degradasi lahan disebabkan oleh gaya yang merusak struktur agregat tanah. Stabilitas agregat mencerminkan kemampuan tanah menahan gaya perusak, diperkuat dengan kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi yang diukur melalui nilai erodibilitasnya.

Penelitian ini mengkaji detail karakteristik fisik dan pola pemanfaatan lereng antropogenik, mengukur tingkat stabilitas agregat tanah dan erodibilitas tanah, serta identifikasi parameter yang paling memengaruhi. Analisis dilakukan secara detail berdasarkan satu penggal lereng antropogenik di Kecamatan Kejajar dengan jenis tanaman kentang melalui foto udara dan digital elevation model, serta lapangan. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan visualiasi lereng melalui global mapper dan statistik non-parametrik dengan jenis uji korelasi spearman.

Analisis visualisasi lereng menunjukkan karakteristik fisik teras terhadap tingkat stabilitas agregat tanah dan erodibilitas tanah dimana aktivitas antropogenik memberikan pengaruh dominan terhadap faktor yang paling memengaruhi. Uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan faktor paling memengaruhi yaitu kandungan bahan organik yang memiliki korelasi dengan stabilitas agregat tanah sebesar 0,89 dan erodibilitas tanah sebesar 0,99. Lereng dengan kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi paling rendah secara berututan yaitu lereng atas, lereng tengah, dan lereng bawah.

The northern slope of Dieng Volcano has experienced the influence of anthropogenic activities in the form of terrace construction and conversion of protected forests into intensive potato farming land on steep slopes, resulting in a decrease in soil quality. The rapid development of potato farming in Kejajar District, Wonosobo Regency, has caused problems in the form of land degradation. Land degradation is caused by forces that damage the soil aggregate structure. Aggregate stability reflects the ability of the soil to withstand destructive forces, reinforced by the sensitivity of the soil to erosion as measured by its erodibility value.

This study examines the details of the physical characteristics and patterns of anthropogenic slope utilization, measures the level of soil aggregate stability and soil erodibility, and identifies the most influential parameters. The analysis was carried out based on one anthropogenic slope section in Kejajar District with the same type of plant, namely potatoes, through aerial photographs and digital elevation models, and the field. The analysis was carried out using a slope visualization approach through a global mapper and non-parametric statistics with the Spearman correlation test type.

The slope visualization analysis shows the physical characteristics of the terrace against the level of soil aggregate stability and soil erodibility where anthropogenic activities have a dominant influence on the most influential factors. Spearman correlation test shows the most influential factor is organic matter content which has a correlation with soil aggregate stability of 0.89 and soil erodibility of 0.99. The slopes with the lowest soil sensitivity to erosion are in order, namely the upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope.

Kata Kunci : Aktivitas Antropogenik, Stabilitas Agregat Tanah, Erodibilitas Tanah