Resolusi konflik lingkungan di permukiman Kampung Agas tanjung Uma Kota Batam

SAPRIAL, Ir. Bakti Setiawan, MA.,Ph.D

2004 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Perkembangan Pulau Batam sebagai kawasan industri, perdagangan, alih kapal dan pariwisata, disamping membawa dampak positif juga membawa dampak negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif yang tejadi adalah tercemarnya muara Sei Jodoh dan permukiman Kampung Agas Tanjung Uma oleh limbah dan sampah dari kawasan perdagangan Nagoya dan Jodoh. Hal ini mengakibatkan konflik yang melibatkan banyak pihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji akar permasalahan terjadinya konflik antar aktor, proses dan penyelesaiannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan rasionalistik. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam tidak terstruktur dengan informan terpilih yang mengetahui informasi seputar terjadinya konflik dan proses resolusinya. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan dengan menjelaskan empiri berdasarkan kerangka teoritis. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal penting. Pertama, konflik lingkungan permukiman Kampung Agas Tanjung Uma berakar pada perkembangan ruang kawasan Nagoya dan Jodoh yang tidak dilengkapi dengan IPAL (Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah) dan tidak tuntasnya konflik ruang kawasan Tanjung Uma. Kedua, ada tiga tahapan pembuka jalan ke arah penyelesaian konflik yakni: a). konflik laten berubah menjadi konflik terbuka, b). konflik yang tidak simetris menjadi konflik simetris dan c). gaya konflik masing-masing pihak bergeser ke gaya konflik kompromi. Ketiga, isu dan masalah diklarifikasi dengan teknik negosiasi yang difasilitasi melalui forum perundingan antar organisasi pemerintah dengan pihak-pihak yang berkonflik. Keempat, kesepakatan penyelesaian dicapai dengan teknik negosiasi langsung dalam suatu forum perundingan dengan keberadaan pihak ketiga yang berfungsi sebagai katalisator. Kelima, solusi yang dihasilkan sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai persepsi stakeholder terhadap persoalanpersoalan di lokasi konflik. Keenam, hasil kesepakatan hanya menyelesaikan perselisihan sesaat yang terjadi antar aktor, meredam konflik terbuka kembali ke konflik laten, belum menyelesaikan akar permasalahan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar kawasan Nagoya dan Jodoh dilengkapi IPAL dan konflik ruang di kawasan Tanjung Uma dicarikan jalan penyelesaiannya

The development of Batam as an industrial, trading, shipping-transit and tourism has not only provided positive impacts, but also negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is pollution on Sei Jodoh down stream and Kampung Agas Tanjung Uma settlement due to wastes and garbage that Nagoya and Jodoh trading areas. This has created conflict involving numerous related stakeholders. The present research was aimed to examine main causes creating inter-actors conflict, processes and resolution. It was conducted through the use of descriptive qualitative method and rationalistic approach. Data were collected using unstructured indepth interviews technique with selected informants of sufficient information on conflict and its resolution processes. Qualitative data analysis was performed by explaining empirical based on theoretical framework. Some critical points were identified in this research. First, Environmental conflict at Kampung Agas Tanjung Uma settlement were based on the spatial development Nagoya and Jodoh areas with no supported by IPAL (liquid waste treatment plant) and uncompleted resolution on spatial conflict at Tanjung Uma area. Second, three stages opening conflict resolutions were found i.e. a), latent conflict shifted into open, b), asymmetric changed into symmetrical conflict, and c), conflict style of individual party shifted into compromised conflict. Third, issues and problems were clarified using negotiation technique facilitated through discussion forum between inter-government organizations and the conflicting parties. Fourth, negotiation agreement was achieved through direct negotiation technique in agreement forum with third party presence functioned as catalyst. Fifth, generated solutions were highly influenced by various perceptions of stakeholders on problem at conflict sites. Sixth, negotiation results just temporarily solved inter-actors; momentarily extinguished conflict, hence made them shifting into latent conflict; has not solved main causes. The research recommends to provide Nagoya and Jodoh trade areas with IPAL (liquid waste treatment plant) and to pursue resolution toward spatial conflict at Tanjung Uma area.

Kata Kunci : Permukiman,Konflik Lingkungan,Conflict, Resolution, Environment, Settlement