Preferensi rumah pekerja industri di Pulau Batam :: Studi kasus di kawasan Industri Batamindo

HARIGUNA, Igun Bastari, Ir. Bakti Setiawan, MA.,Ph.D

2004 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Batam sebagai kota industri menarik perhatian terutama bagi pekerja industri untuk masuk ke Kota Batam. Hal ini mengakibatkan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan kebutuhan akan rumah. Selama ini penyediaan perumahan telah disediakan baik oleh Pemerintah maupun swasta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan adanya kesenjangan antara penyediaan dan kebutuhan rumah bagi pekerja/buruh di Batam. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap para pekerja industri di kawasan industri Batamino menggunakan cara Simple Random Sampling berdasarkan jenis kelamin, strata pekerja dan status perkawinan. Data yang diperoleh melalui survei dan wawancara selanjutnya dianalisis. Data kuantitatif diproses dan ditafsirkan menjadi data kualitatif sehingga dapat menjelaskan kondisi existing (sekarang) dan kondisi expected (keinginan). Penelitian menemukan bahwa tersedia beberapa pilihan perumahan yang beragam baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas sehingga responden dapat memilih sesuai dengan kemampuan masing–masing. Perumahan yang disediakan Pemerintah dan swasta antara lain (a) rumah susun sewa pekerja (rusunawa) disediakan Pemerintah melalui Perum Perumnas, Badan Otorita Batam dan Jamsostek (b) dormitori disediakan pengelola kawasan industri Batamindo (c) perumahan resmi dibangun DPD REI Khusus Batam (d) rumah keluarga dibangun oleh perorangan, dan (e) rumah liar dibangun komunitas tertentu. Tidak terdapat kesenjangan yang lebar antara Housing Supply dan Housing Preference di wilayah penelitian akan tetapi secara fisik terdapat kesenjangan dalam jarak perjalanan, waktu perjalanan, luas kamar dan kapasitas kamar. Sedangkan secara sosial tidak ada kesenjangan secara signifikan namun pekerja mengharap tidak ada tindak kriminal. Sementara, secara ekonomi terdapat kesenjangan atas harga sewa rumah dan keinginan membeli rumah antara laki-laki dan perempuan Diharapkan pihak Pemerintah dan swasta memikirkan perumahan untuk pekerja industri yang cukup dengan harga terjangkau dan kualitas yang memadai. Pemerintah diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan yang lebih dalam pengadaan perumahan untuk sektor swasta dan masyarakat (khususnya pekerja industri) baik melalui pengadaan pembangunan perumahan (secara fisik) maupun menciptakan suasana kondusif dalam membangun rumah.

Batam as an industrial city has been growing fastly, atracting workers to come to this area. This caused increasing number of housing demand for the worker. So far, housing supply has been provided both by government and private sectors. The present research is aimed to identify possible gap between housing supply and housing preference for workers in Batam. Research samples were obtained among industrial workers in Batamindo industrial area using Simple Random Sampling based on workers’ gender, strata and marital status. Data were collected through surveys and interviews. Quantitative data were processed and interpreted into qualitative data; hence, existing (present) and expected (future) conditions were presumably explained. This study found that there are several options of various housing in terms of both quantity and quality. Worker are able to select housing based on their individual capability. Housings which the government and private sectors provided, are: (a) rental apartment for workers (rusunawa) provided by Perum Perumnas, Badan Otorita Batam and Jamsostek (b) dormitory provided by companies (c) formal housing provided by developers (d) family housing built by individual and (e) illegal housing built by communities. The study concludes that there is no wide gap between Housing Supply and Housing Preference. However, in terms of physical, gap was detected in distance, time, room space and capacity. Meanwhile, social gap was not significantly identified, except that workers looking for more safe enviroment. For the moment, economic gap in terms of housing rental fee and housing preference was detected among males and females. It is expected that the government and private sector will consider sufficient housing with reliable prices and sufficient quality for workers. It is also expected that the government is able to provide further support in housing supply for private sector and publics (especially for industrial workers), through housing development (physically) and created conducive situation in housing development. vi

Kata Kunci : Kawasan Industri,Preferensi Rumah Pekerja