RANCANG BANGUN AKUARIUM BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) DENGAN SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN TERINTEGRASI

Arifah Rahmawati, Galih Setyawan, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Teknologi Rekayasa Instrumentasi dan Kontrol

Akuarium ikan memerlukan pemeliharaan yang konsisten terhadap suhu, kualitas air, dan ketersediaan pakan. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, dikembangkan sistem akuarium berbasis internet of things (IoT) yang terintegrasi, mencakup fitur otomatisasi pengaturan suhu, pemberian pakan, dan filtrasi air. Sistem ini dikendalikan oleh mikrokontroler ESP32 dan dilengkapi dengan sensor suhu DS18B20, sensor turbidity SEN0189, dan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, dengan antarmuka pemantauan melalui Home Assistant berbasis MQTT dan LCD I2C secara real-time.

Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor suhu memiliki persentase error rata-rata 0.521% dan simpangan baku 0.0487°C. Sensor turbidity mencatat persentase error rata-rata 9.73%, dan menunjukkan tren pengukuran yang konsisten. Sensor ultrasonik menunjukkan rata-rata total simpangan baku 0.062 dan ketidakpastian tipe A 0.028. Proses pengurasan air otomatis berhasil diselesaikan dalam waktu 58 menit dari kekeruhan 52 NTU hingga mencapai kualitas air standar. Fitur pemberian pakan otomatis berjalan sesuai jadwal dan takaran yang ditentukan, Konsumsi energi harian tercatat 0.113?kWh, lebih hemat dibandingkan sistem manual sebesar 0.269?kWh dengan efisiensi 58%. Sistem ini terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi, presisi, dan kepraktisan dalam pemeliharaan akuarium, serta dapat menjadi solusi otomatisasi yang efektif dan hemat energi.

Fish aquariums require consistent maintenance of temperature, water quality, and feed availability. To address these challenges, an integrated Internet of Things (IoT)-based aquarium system was developed, featuring automated temperature control, feeding, and water filtration. The system is powered by an ESP32 microcontroller and equipped with a DS18B20 temperature sensor, SEN0189 turbidity sensor, and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. Real-time monitoring is provided through the Home Assistant platform via MQTT and an I2C LCD interface.

The test results indicate that the temperature sensor has an average error percentage of 0.521% and a standard deviation of 0.0487°C. The turbidity sensor recorded an average error of 9.73% and exhibited a consistent measurement trend. The ultrasonic sensor showed an overall average standard deviation of 0.062 and a type A uncertainty of 0.028. The automatic water drainage process was successfully completed within 58 minutes, reducing turbidity from 52 NTU to the standard water quality level. The automatic feeding feature operated according to the scheduled time and predetermined portions. Daily energy consumption was recorded at 0.113?kWh, which is more efficient compared to the manual system’s 0.269?kWh, achieving an energy efficiency of 58%. This system has proven to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and convenience of aquarium maintenance and serves as an effective and energy-saving automation solution.

Kata Kunci : Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, otomatisasi akuarium, MQTT, Home Assistant