Memori dan Identitas Kolektif Komunitas Keluarga Repatrian Suriname di Tongar dan Kampung Suriname, 1954-2004
Suparmi, Dr. Widya Fitria Ningsih, S.S., M.A.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah
Tedapat empat kesimpulan dalam tesis ini. Pertama, narasi “tunggal sekapal” membentuk identitas simbolik sebagai saudara sekapal, yakni kekerabatan imajiner yang menyatukan para repatrian sebagai satu keluarga dengan identitas sebagai repatrian Suriname. Kedua, generasi kedua repatrian Suriname membentuk identitas khas sebagai keturunan repatrian Suriname sekaligus pewaris budaya Jawa-Suriname, dengan menyesuaikan unsur-unsur budaya terhadap konteks sosial lokal. Ketiga, identitas komunitas repatrian Suriname dan keturunannya secara spasial menunjukkan variasi, di mana di Tongar mereka kembali mengidentifikasi diri sebagai orang Jawa didukung oleh kehadiran transmigran Jawa, sementara di Kampung Suriname budaya Jawa-Suriname lebih berorientasi pada hiburan namun turut memudar, dan mereka mengidentifikasi diri sebagai komunitas yang lebih terbuka dan adaptif terhadap berbagai budaya. Keempat, repatrian Suriname dan keturunannya di berbagai wilayah, terutama saat perayaan HUT repatrian Suriname, disatukan kembali dan menegaskan identitas kolektif sebagai keluarga atau keluarga besar repatrian Suriname, di mana memori diaspora, perjalanan kepulangan 1954, dan perjuangan membangun Tongar menjadi sumber solidaritas dan identitas kolektif.
This research discusses the
collective memory and identity of the Surinamese repatriate community in Tongar
and Kampung Suriname from 1954 to 2004, with the objective of comprehending how
the historical experiences and collective memory of the 1954 Surinamese
repatriates influenced their collective identity and that of their descendants
after returning to their homeland. This research employs historical research
methods, drawing upon a range of primary sources, including oral history,
personal documents, particularly photo albums, contemporary magazines and
newspapers, as well as textual and visual archives. The analysis utilizes the
concepts of memory and identity as tools to examine the reconstruction of
collective identity among Surinamese repatriates and their descendants in
Tongar and Kampung Suriname. This research shows that their solidarity has been
formed since they became a diaspora in Suriname during the
colonial period.
There are four conclusions in this thesis. First, the narrative of “tunggal sekapal” formed a symbolic identity as shipmates, an imaginary kinship that united the repatriates as one family with an identity as “repatrian Suriname”. Second, the second generation of Surinamese repatriates form a distinctive identity as descendants of Surinamese repatriates and heirs to Javanese-Surinamese culture, adapting cultural elements to the local social context. Third, the spatial identity of the Surinamese repatriate community and their descendants shows variation, where in Tongar they re-identify themselves as Javanese supported by the presence of Javanese transmigrants, while in Kampung Suriname, Javanese-Surinamese culture is more oriented toward entertainment but is also fading, and they identify themselves as a community that is more open and adaptive to various cultures. Fourth, Surinamese repatriates and their descendants in various regions, especially during the Surinamese repatriation anniversary celebrations, are reunited and reaffirm their collective identity as “keluarga repatrian Suriname”, where diaspora memories, the 1954 return journey, and the struggle to build Tongar serve as sources of solidarity and collective identity.
Kata Kunci : memori, repatrian Suriname, Keluarga repatrian Suriname, Tongar, Kampung Suriname/memory, repatrian Suriname, keluarga repatrian Suriname, Tongar, Kampung Suriname