KEKUATAN TEKAN, KEKERASAN VICKERS, KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL, DAN SIFAT FISIS BAHAN KERAMIK KAOLIN BERPORI DIBUAT DENGAN SERBUK KARBON AKTIF SEBAGAI PORE - FORMING AGENT (PFA)
ACHMAD RIFQY, Ir. Muhammad Waziz Wildan, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
Advanced ceramics possess several advantages over other types of
engineering materials in various aspects, including high strength, high hardness,
and relatively low density. One application of advanced ceramics is the
development of porous ceramics. Porous ceramics can be considered as a two-phase
system, consisting of a solid phase that forms the pores and a gas phase (air) that
fills the pores. This research aims to determine the effect of using activated carbon
powder as a pore-forming agent (PFA) on the compressive strength, Vickers
hardness, thermal conductivity, and physical properties of kaolin-based porous
ceramics.
In this study, the base material used is kaolin. The chemical formula of
kaolinite is Al?(Si?O?)(OH)?, classifying it as a silicate ceramic material. The pore
forming agent (PFA) used is activated carbon powder. The process of making kaolin
porous ceramics with compositions of 0, 9, 18, 28, and 37 wt?tivated carbon
powder involves wet mixing of kaolin powder and activated carbon powder with
the aid of 96% alcohol. Compaction is carried out to form the powder into
specimens with diameters of 15 and 50 mm. The compaction pressure used in this
study is 20 MPa. Sintering is performed to densify the ceramic particles and remove
the pores in the ceramics. The sintering temperature used in this study is 1400?.
The physical and mechanical properties tested include mass and volume shrinkage,
density, porosity, compressive strength, Vickers hardness, microstructure, and
thermal conductivity.
Based on the tests conducted, the mass shrinkage results for specimens with
0% and 37% PFA mass fractions are 14.9% and 45.95%, respectively. The volume
shrinkage results for specimens with 0% and 37% PFA mass fractions are 37.45%
and 52.17%, respectively. The measured densities for specimens with 0% and 37%
PFA mass fractions are 2.50 g/cm³ and 1.16 g/cm³, respectively. The porosity values
for specimens with 0% and 37% PFA mass fractions are 16.04% and 61.16%,
respectively. The compressive strength test results for specimens with 0% and 37%
PFA mass fractions are 56.69 MPa and 21.68 MPa, respectively. The Vickers
hardness test results for specimens with 0% and 37% PFA mass fractions are 337.15
HV and 22.44 HV, respectively. The thermal conductivity results for specimens
with 0% and 37% PFA mass fractions are 2.26 W/mK and 0.33 W/mK, respectively.
The conclusion of this study shows that the mass shrinkage, volume shrinkage, and
density of porous kaolin ceramic specimens decrease with the addition of PFA mass
fraction. Meanwhile, the porosity of the specimens increases proportionally with
the addition of PFA mass fraction. The compressive strength, Vickers hardness, and
thermal conductivity of porous mullite ceramic specimens decrease as the porosity
of the porous ceramic specimens increases.
Kata Kunci : porous ceramics, kaolin, activated carbon, pore - forming agent (PFA), mullite, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, Vickers hardness