Ratio Legis Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Pemasyarakatan Sebagai Alternatif Mengurangi Overcrowding

Sularko, Prof. Dr. Marcus Priyo Gunarto, S.H., M.Hum.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum Litigasi

Overcrowding (kepenuhsesakan) dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor penyebab tidak tercapainya tujuan pembinaan narapidana pada lembaga pemasyarakatan. Berbagai cara telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam mengantisipasi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengobservasi, menganalisis serta memberikan alternatif penyelesaian kepenuhsesakan dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan dengan menggunakan pendekatan keadilan restoratif.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) macam pendekatan yaitu statute approach yakni mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah ada, comparative approach yaitu membandingkan pendekatan keadilan restoratif yang digunakan oleh negara lain, serta conceptual approach yakni pendekatan yang diambil dari doktrin dan pandangan-pandangan hukum. Sumber data yang digunakan merukapan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Semua data yang terkumpul diolah menggunakan analisis diskriptif kualitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) ratio legis implementasi keadilan restoratif pada lembaga pemasyarakatan dapat digali dari landasan filosofis bahwa keadilan restoratif bisa dihadirkan karena memiliki kesesuaian nilai dengan Pancasila, terutama sila ke-4 (keempat) yaitu musayawarah mufakat, sedangkan landasan sosiologis ditemukan pada psikologis manusia yakni kesadaran manusia muncul setelah manusia menjalani penderitaan akibat pemidanaan. Kesadaran tersebut perlu diapresiasi dengan menawarkan keadilan restoratif. Landasan yuridis dapat ditemukan pada penjelasan Undang-undang Pemasyarakatan serta Pasal 51 KUHP Nasional. (2) Prospek pengaturan keadilan restoratif pada lembaga pemasyaratan seharusnya diatur dalam Undang Undang Pemasyarakatan dan alurnya diawali terdakwa mendapat vonis inkracht pemidanaan, narapidana menjalankan vonis, BAPAS menawarkan keadilan restoratif bagi narapidana yang memenuhi syarat, adanya pertemuan para pihak, BAPAS melaporkan proses keadilan restoratif kepada Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat, Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat membuat laporan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri, terakhir Ketua Pengadilan Negeri mengeluarkan penetapan pengadilan yang diikuti dengan pemberian Pembebasan Bersyarat kepada narapidana.

Overcrowding is considered a contributing factor to the failure to achieve prisoner development goals in correctional institutions. The government has implemented numerous measures to address this issue. This study aims to observe, analyses, and provide alternative solutions to overcrowding in correctional institutions using a restorative justice approach.

This research is a normative legal study, using three approaches: a statute approach, which examines existing laws and regulations; a comparative approach, which compares restorative justice approaches used by other countries; and a conceptual approach, which draws on legal doctrines and perspectives. The data sources used are secondary data, comprising primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. All collected data were processed using qualitative descriptive analysis.

The results of the study (1) show that the ratio legis of the implementation of restorative justice in correctional institutions can be explored from the philosophical basis that restorative justice can be presented because it has a value that is by Pancasila, especially the fourth principle, namely deliberation, and consensus, in addition, the philosophical basis can also be found in human psychology, namely that human awareness arises after humans experience suffering due to punishment. The sociological basis rests on the large number of recidivists in correctional institutions because prisoners do not realize and regret committing crimes. The concept of restorative justice provides an opportunity for prisoners to see the impact of their actions on the victim so that there is no repetition of criminal acts. Restorative justice is needed to protect society from repeated criminal acts. The legal basis can be found in the explanation of the Correctional Law and Article 51 of the New Criminal Code. The prospect of restorative justice arrangements in correctional institutions begins with the stage where the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment with a final verdict, the prisoner serves the prison sentence, the BAPAS offers restorative justice to prisoners who have met the requirements, there is a meeting involving the parties, the BAPAS reports the restorative justice process to the Supervising and Observing Judge, the Supervising and Observing Judge makes a report to the Head of the District Court, and finally the Head of the District Court issues a court ruling, and followed by Conditional Release.

Kata Kunci : Overcrowding, Keadilan Restoratif, Narapidana, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan