Pemodelan Spasial Dampak Perubahan Penutupan Lahan terhadap Jasa Pengatur Hidrologi DAS Baturusa
Muzi Anggraeni Syamsudin, Ir. Emma Soraya, S.Hut., M.For., Ph.D., IPU.; Dr. Ir. Hero Marhaento, S.Hut., M.Si., IPM.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan
The Baturusa Watershed, covering an area of 63,495.85 hectares, has undergone significant land cover changes, particularly due to forest conversion into plantations and mining areas. These changes have increased pressure on hydrological functions and triggered environmental degradation, as indicated by more frequent flooding events. This study aims to spatially model the impacts of land cover change from 2004 to 2024 on hydrological regulating services, including surface runoff, erosion, and nutrient export. The results are expected to provide empirical evidence with a strong scientific basis to support recommendations for sustainable watershed management.
This research utilized land cover maps for the years 2004, 2014, and 2024, derived from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 imagery using the Random Forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform. Hydrological impacts were analyzed using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to quantify surface runoff, erosion, and nutrient export. The accuracy of the modeling results was ensured through calibration using discharge and sediment data from field observation stations.
The findings show a 90% loss of secondary dryland forest cover, decreasing from 24,364 hectares in 2004 to only 2,446 hectares in 2024. This land was largely converted into plantations and settlements, which increased by 74% and 62% respectively over the 20-year period. These changes have directly contributed to the decline in hydrological regulating services, evidenced by an increase in surface runoff, a surge in erosion potential peaking at 233 tons/ha/year in former mining areas, and rising nitrogen and phosphorus exports. These results quantitatively confirm the declining capacity of the watershed to regulate water and identify non-vegetated land cover as the main contributor to degradation. Land rehabilitation and conservation efforts, along with sustainable agricultural management, are urgently needed to mitigate the decline in regulating services in the Baturusa Watershed, particularly in areas experiencing the highest levels of degradation.
Kata Kunci : jasa pengatur DAS, perubahan penutupan lahan, random forest, GEE, model InVEST