Analisis Variasi Ketebalan Media Semai terhadap Kinerja Mesin Tanam Bibit Padi Tipe Dorong

Royhanda Candra Ibrahim, Sri Markumningsih, S.T.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Dr Ir. Radi , S.T.P., M.Eng., IPU, ASEAN., APEC Eng.

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

    Ketebalan media semai merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan penggunaan mesin tanam bibit padi tipe dorong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan media semai terhadap kapasitas, efisiensi dan kualitas penanaman menggunakan mesin tanam bibit padi tipe dorong. Perlakuan media semai yang diuji yaitu 1 cm, 1,5 cm, dan 2 cm. Pengujian efisiensi dilakukan dengan tiga ulangan sehingga diperoleh 9 sampel, sementara pengujian kualitas penanaman dilakukan dengan dua kelompok parameter, kelompok parameter 1 diperoleh 90 sampel tiap parameternya dan kelompok parameter 2 diperoleh 108 sampel tiap parameternya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ketebalan media semai 1 cm, 1,5 cm, dan 2 cm masing-masing menghasilkan kapasitas lapang efektif sebesar 0,17;0,18; dan 0,17 ha/jam, serta kapasitas lapang teoritis sebesar 0,24; 0,22; dan 0,21 ha/jam. Efisiensi penanaman yang diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 72,42%; 81,82%; dan 82,11, sedangkan efisiensi berdasarkan waktu hilang sebesar 58,98%; 67,80%; dan 67,28%. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan terhadap parameter efisiensi mesin tanam bibit padi tipe dorong. Kualitas penanaman menghasilkan jarak tanam antar baris, jarak tanam dalam baris, kedalaman tanam, jumlah bibit per rumpun, dan jumlah lubang tanam per meter  memenuhi standar mutu sesuai SNI 7607:2020. Tanaman kosong yang diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 9,26%; 6,83%; dan 1,16%, sedangkan tanaman rebah 15,02%; 16,48%; dan 12,54%. Sudut ketegakan tanaman masing-masing sebesar 74,97°; 76,31°; dan 78,19°. Untuk menentukan ketebalan yang paling optimal, dilakukan sistem skoring. Perlakuan ketebalan media semai 2 cm memperoleh skor total tertinggi sebesar 27, diikuti oleh ketebalan 1,5 cm dengan skor 23, dan ketebalan 1 cm dengan skor terendah yaitu 15.

The thickness of the seedling media is an important factor in the successful use of a walking-type rice transplanter. This study aims to determine the effect of the thickness of the seedling media on the capacity, efficiency and quality of planting using a walking-type rice transplanter. The seedling media treatments tested were 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm. The efficiency test was carried out with three replications to obtain 9 samples, while the planting quality test was carried out with two parameter groups, parameter group 1 obtained 90 samples for each parameter and parameter group 2 obtained 108 samples for each parameter. The results showed that the treatment of seedling media thickness of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm each produced an effective field capacity of 0.17; 0.18; and 0.17 ha/hour, and a theoretical field capacity of 0.24; 0.22; and 0.21 ha/hour, respectively. The planting efficiency obtained was 72.42%; 81.82%; and 82.11, while the efficiency based on lost time was 58.98%; 67.80%; and 67.28%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there were no significant differences between treatments regarding the efficiency parameters of the walking-type rice transplanter. The planting quality resulted in inter-row spacing, intra-row spacing, planting depth, number of seedlings per clump, and number of planting holes per meter meeting the quality standards according to SNI 7607:2020. The empty plants obtained were 9.26%; 6.83%; and 1.16%, respectively, while the lodging plants were 15.02%; 16.48%; and 12.54%. The plant upright angles were 74.97°; 76.31°; and 78.19°, respectively. To determine the most optimal thickness, a scoring system was used. The seedling media thickness treatment of 2 cm obtained the highest total score of 27, followed by a thickness of 1.5 cm with a score of 23, and a thickness of 1 cm with the lowest score of 15.

Kata Kunci : mesin tanam bibit padi tipe dorong, ketebalan media semai, efisiensi penanaman, kapasitas, kualitas penanaman, SNI 7607:2020/ walking-type rice transplanter, seedling media thickness, planting efficiency, capacity, planting quality, SNI 7607:2020.