Analisis Pengaruh Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Stabilitas Bank Umum di Indonesia

DINA UTAMI, Diyah Putriani, S.E., M.Ec., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU EKONOMI

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap stabilitas bank umum di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2012 hingga 2023. Penelitian ini juga mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor eksternal dari aspek makroekonomi, seperti pertumbuhan PDB riil, inflasi, dan tingkat pengangguran. Selain itu, penelitian ini turut mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor internal bank, seperti rasio kecukupan modal (CAR), rasio pinjaman terhadap aset (LAR), serta efek pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda Indonesia sejak bulan Maret 2020. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap stabilitas bank umum di Indonesia. Artinya, setiap peningkatan satu satuan indeks inklusi keuangan mencerminkan peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap layanan keuangan dan mendorong peningkatan stabilitas bank. Selain itu, terdapat variabel pertumbuhan PDB riil dan rasio kecukupan modal yang memberikan hasil positif dan signifikan sehingga konsisten dengan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Beberapa variabel lain, seperti inflasi, tingkat pengangguran, rasio pinjaman terhadap aset, serta dummy COVID-19 berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap stabilitas bank. Sementara itu, perluasan inklusi keuangan yang sejalan dengan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan layanan keuangan formal, mendorong penelitian ini untuk memberikan beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan. Salah satunya, yaitu perlunya mengembangkan program edukasi literasi keuangan yang dapat menyesuaikan karakteristik lokal, serta melibatkan masyarakat secara konsisten. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya tarik maupun membangun kepercayaan masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan layanan keuangan secara optimal.

This study analyzes the effect of financial inclusion on the stability of commercial banks in Indonesia during the period 2012 to 2023. This study also considers external factors from the macroeconomic aspect, such as real GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment rate. Additionally, this study considers internal bank factors, such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR), and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that has hit Indonesia since March 2020. The results of this study indicate that financial inclusion has a positive and significant effect on the stability of commercial banks in Indonesia. This means that every one-unit increase in the financial inclusion index reflects increased public access to financial inclusion and encourages increased bank stability. The real GDP growth and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) variables also provide positive and significant results that are consistent with previous studies. Several other variables, such as inflation, unemployment rate, Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR), and COVID-19 dummy have a negative and significant effect on bank stability. Thus, this study emphasized the importance of the role of banks, financial authorities, and the government in supporting the development of financial inclusion and the stability of commercial banks in Indonesia. The expansion of financial inclusion that is consistent with increasing public awareness in utilizing formal financial services, encourages this study to provide several policy recommendations. One of them is the need to develop financial literacy education programs that can adapt to local characteristics and involve the community consistently. These efforts are expected to increase the appeal and build public trust to utilize financial services optimally.

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Indeks Inklusi Keuangan, Faktor Makroekonomi, Faktor Internal Bank, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) / Keywords: Financial Inclusion Index, Macroeconomic Factors, Bank Internal Factors, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)